Se

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Translingual

Abbreviation

Se

  1. (ISO country codes) Sweden

Breton

Pronoun

Se

  1. that, this
    Petra eo se ? — What's that?

Catalan

Pronoun

Se (enclitic, contracted 's, proclitic es, contracted proclitic s')

  1. himself, herself, itself (direct or indirect object)
  2. oneself (direct or indirect object)
  3. themselves (direct or indirect object)
  4. each other (direct or indirect object)

Declension

Catalan personal pronouns and clitics
strong/subject weak (direct object) weak (indirect object) possessive
singular proclitic enclitic proclitic enclitic
1st person jo, mi2 em, m' -me, 'm em, m' -me, 'm meu
2nd person tu et, t' -te, 't et, t' -te, 't teu
2nd person formal4 vós us -vos, -us us -vos, -us vostre
2nd person  very formal1 vostè el, l' -lo, 'l li -li seu
3rd person masculine ell el, l' -lo, 'l li -li seu
3rd person feminine ella la, l'3 -la li -li seu
3rd person neuter ho -ho li -li seu
3rd person reflexive si es, s' -se, 's es, s' -se, 's seu
plural
1st person nosaltres ens -nos, 'ns ens -nos, 'ns nostre
2nd person vosaltres us -vos, -us us -vos, -us vostre
2nd person formal1 vostès els -los, 'ls els -los, 'ls seu
3rd person masculine ells els -los, 'ls els -los, 'ls seu
3rd person feminine elles les -les els -los, 'ls seu
3rd person reflexive si es, s' -se, 's es, s' -se, 's seu
adverbial
ablative/genitive en, n' -ne, 'n
locative hi -hi
1) Behaves grammatically as third person.
2) Only as object of a preposition. 		3) Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.
4) Behaves grammatically as second person plural.

Notes

The use of se and other direct personal pronouns can indicate the passive in Catalan.

Czech

Pronunciation

Pronoun

Se (reflexive pronoun)

  1. myself
  2. yourself
  3. himself
  4. herself
  5. itself
  6. ourselves
  7. yourselves
  8. themselves
  9. oneself

Declension

    declension of Se
singular plural
nominative
genitive sebe —
dative sobě, si —
accusative sebe, se —
vocative —
locative sobě —
instrumental sebou —

Synonyms

Related terms

Preposition

Se (also s)

  1. with

Danish

Etymology

From Old Danish se (Old Norse sjá) < Proto-Germanic *sehwanan. See se (Swedish).

Pronunciation

  • IPA: /seː/, [seːˀ]

Verb

Se (imperative se, infinitive at se, present tense ser, past tense så, past participle har/er set)

  1. see

Esperanto

Conjunction

Se

  1. if

Ewe

Pronunciation

Noun

Se (plural sewo)

  1. law

Finnish

Pronunciation

  • Hyphenation: se
  • Rhymes: -e
  • IPA: [se]

Pronoun

Se (stem se-, also si-, and sii-, see below)

  1. (demonstrative) it; (when the speaker does not point at the thing) that.
  2. (colloquial and dialectal) he, she.
  3. (colloquial) the (see the usage notes below).

Inflection

Irregular.

Declension of Se
noun case singular pluraladverbial
form		 singular plural
nominative se nesuperessive siellä –
genitive sen niiden, niittendelative sieltä –
partitive sitä niitäsublative sinne –
accusative se, sen nelative siis –
inessive siinä niissätemporal silloin –
elative siitä niistäcausative siten –
illative siihen niihinmultiplicative – –
adessive sillä niillädistributive – –
ablative siltä niiltätemp. dist. – –
allative sille niilleprolative – –
essive sinä niinäsituative – –
translative siksi niiksioppositive – –
instructive – (niin)
abessive – (niittä)
comitative – niine

Notes

  • Due to the influence of Germanic languages, nowadays especially to that of English, se may often be used as some kind of definite article in colloquial Finnish – in standard Finnish that is ungrammatical because it is expressed with the word order whether something is definite or indefinite. (cf. usage of yksi)
  • (standard) Mies tuli luokseni. -> (colloquial) Se mies tuli mun luokse.
    • The man came to me.
  • (standard) Luokseni tuli mies. -> (colloquial) Yks mies tuli mun luokse.
    • A man came to me.

Derived terms

See also

French

Pronunciation

Pronoun

Se (pre-vocalic s')

  1. The third-person reflexive and reciprocal direct and indirect object pronoun.
    1. (to) himself
    2. (to) herself
    3. (to) oneself
    4. (to) themself
    5. (to) themselves
    6. (to) each other

Notes

  • Se becomes s’ before a vowel or unaspirated h, and sometimes, in nonstandard writing, in other cases where the e would be silent, e.g. in lyrics.
  • Se is often used with an actual subject, but it is also very often used with an abstract subject:
    Il est normal de se parler. — “It is normal to talk to oneself.”

See also

  • The other reflexive and reciprocal direct and indirect object pronouns: ‎me‎, ‎m'‎, ‎te‎, ‎t'‎, ‎nous‎, ‎vous‎.
  • The third-person reflexive and reciprocal disjunctive pronoun: ‎soi‎.

Related terms

French personal pronouns
Number Person Gender Nominative
(subject) 		Reflexive Accusative
(direct complement) 		Dative
(indirect complement) 		Locative
(at) 		Genitive
(of) 		Disjunctive
(tonic)
Singular First — je, j' me, m' — — moi
Second — tu, t' te, t' — — toi
Third Masculine il se, s' le, l' lui y en lui
Feminine elle la, l' elle
— on — — — — soi
Plural First — nous nous — — nous
Second — vous vous — — vous
Third Masculine ils se, s' les leur y en eux
Feminine elles elles

Derived terms

Anagrams

Galician

Etymology

From Latin sē, ablative and accusative pronoun form.

Pronoun

Se reflexive, sg. and pl.

  1. himself, herself, itself (reflexive singular third-person personal pronoun)
  2. themselves (reflexive plural third-person personal pronoun)

Notes

The form se is the reflexive pronoun only when used as a direct or indirect object. The prepositional object reflexive form is si.

Related terms

See also

Haitian Creole

Etymology

From French c'est (“it is”)

Verb

Se

  1. to be
  2. that is (compare French c'est)
  3. it is (compare French c'est)

Notes

References

Hungarian

Pronunciation

Conjunction

Se

  1. neither

Derived terms

Expressions

See also

Ido

Conjunction

Se

  1. if
    La klerko komencus laborar se ilu povus. — The clerk would begin to work if he could.
    Se me povus, me komprus altra domo. — If I could, I would buy another house.

Interlingua

Pronoun

Se (third person)

  1. Reflexive: oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves.
    Illa se videva in le speculo. — “She saw herself in the mirror.”
  2. Reciprocal: each other, one another.
    Quando illes se cognosceva? — “When did they meet (each other)?”
  3. Used for passive constructions with undetermined agent (translated by "one").
    De mi casa se vide le mar. — “From my house the sea is seen.” (Literally, “...the sea sees itself.”)
  4. Hence, used for expressions of the type "to get/become ...-ed".
    espaventar — “to frighten”; espaventar se = "to get frightened" (lit., "to frighten oneself")

Notes

  • (reflexive, reciprocal, oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves, each other, one another): Many verbs bear a reflexive pronoun by default. Se must be replaced by me, te, etc., according to the subject.
    infiltrar se — “to infiltrate”
    repentir se — “to repent”

Italian

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Late Latin se < Latin si.[1]

Conjunction

Se

  1. if
    Se non è vero, è ben trovato.
    If it is not true, it is a good story.
  2. whether
  3. if only

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Pronoun

Se

  1. Variant of sé

Notes

  • Used especially when combined with verbs or other pronouns.
  • Becomes si when used as part of a reflexive verb.

References

  1. ↑ Angelo Prati, "Vocabolario Etimologico Italiano", Torino, 1951

Japanese

Syllable

Se

  1. The hiragana syllable せ (se) or the katakana syllable セ (se) in Hepburn romanization.

Noun

Se (hiragana せ)

  1. せ: hiragana letter se
  2. セ: katakana letter se

Kurdish

Noun

Se

  1. dog

Kven

Pronoun

Se

  1. (personal) he, she, it

Synonyms

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *se- (reflexive pronoun).

Pronunciation

Pronoun

sē

  1. the accusative of the reflexive pronoun meaning himself, herself, itself, themselves
    Sē amat.
    He loves himself.
    Necessario sē aperiunt.
    They were forced to open themselves.
    In mare se praecipitavit.
    He drowned himself in the sea.
  2. the ablative of the reflexive pronoun meaning by himself, by herself, by itself, by themselves

Notes

  • There is little distinction made between the accusative forms sē and sēsē as the two forms are being used indifferently except that sēsē is preferred where emphasis is intended (especially in reference to a preceding ipse, or at the beginning or the end of a clause).

Inflection

Number Singular Plural
nominative — —
genitive suī suī
dative sibi sibi
accusative sē, sēsē sē, sēsē
ablative sē, sēsē sē, sēsē
vocative — —

Derived terms

Descendants

  • French: se
  • Italian: se
  • Portuguese: se
  • Romanian: se, sine
  • Spanish: se

See also

Latin personal pronouns
Number Person Gender Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative Possessive
Singular First — ego meī mihi mē meus, -a, -um
Second — tū tuī tibi tē tuus, -a, -um
Reflexive Third — — suī sibi sē, sēsē suus, -a, -um
Third Masculine is eius eī eum eō eius
Feminine ea eam eā
Neuter id id eō
Plural First — nōs nostrī, nostrum nōbīs nōs nōbīs noster, -tra, -trum
Second — vōs vestrī, vestrum vōbīs vōs vōbīs vester, -tra, -trum
Reflexive Third — — suī sibi sē, sēsē suus, -a, -um
Third Masculine eī, iī eōrum eīs eōs eīs eōrum
Feminine eae eārum eās eārum
Neuter ea eōrum ea eōrum

Lojban

Cmavo

Se (rafsi sel)

  1. exchanges the x1 and x2 sumti of the following brivla
    mi se viska la djan. — “I am seen by John.”
  2. indicates that the object of a preposition fills x2 of its corresponding brivla
    ti cukta se bau la oDET. — “This is a book in Odette's language.”
  3. reverses the two clauses connected by a logical conjunction
    mi klama le zarci se.u le ckule — “I go to the school whether or not the store.”

Mandarin

Pinyin syllable

se

  1. Nonstandard spelling of sè.

Notes

English transcriptions of Chinese speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Chinese language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Danish se (Old Norse sjá) < Proto-Germanic *sehwanan. See se (Swedish).

Pronunciation

Verb

Se

  1. To see (perceive with eyes).

Conjugation

    Conjugation of Se in Bokmål</small>
Infinitive active Se
Infinitive passive Ses/sees
Present active ser
Present passive Ses
Past så
Present participle seende
Past participle sett
Imperative Se

Old English

Etymology

Representing the Indo-European demonstrative pronoun *soi, *so, adapted in West Germanic as a definite article by analogy with the t- stem forms (Old English þæt). Cognate with Old Saxon sē, Old Norse sá, Gothic 𐍃𐌰, Greek ὁ. See also feminine forms under sēo.

Pronunciation

Article

Se m. (definite)

  1. the
    Se mona.
    The moon.

Adjective

Se (demonstrative)

  1. that, those
    Þone ræd gerædde Widsið.
    Widsith gave that advice.

Pronoun

Se m. (demonstrative pronoun)

  1. he, it, that
    Þa ne sacað.
    They do not quarrel.”

Notes

  • (he, it, that): se is normally read as sē when used pronominally.

Declension

Singular Plural
m n f
nominative sē þæt sēo þā
accusative þone þæt þā þā
genitive þæs þæs þǣre þāra, þǣra
dative þǣm, þām þǣm, þām þǣre þǣm, þām
instrumental þȳ, þī, þon

See also

Old French

Etymology 1

Pronoun

Se m. and f. inv.

  1. oneself
Descendants
  • French: se

Etymology 2

Latin si

Conjunction

Se

  1. if
Descendants
  • French: si

Old Frisian

Pronoun

se

  1. she
  2. they

Old Irish

Determiner

Se

  1. Alternative spelling of so.

Portuguese

Pronunciation

  • Hyphenation: se

Pronunciation

Pronoun

Se (third person, including ‘você’ and ‘vocês’)

  1. Reflexive and reciprocal: oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves, yourself; each other, one another.
    Ela se viu no espelho. — “She saw herself in the mirror.”
    E você se diz um professor! — “And you call yourself a teacher!”
    Quando eles se conheceram? — “When did they meet (each other)?”
  2. Used for passive constructions with transitive verbs and undetermined agent (usually translated with one).
    Da minha casa se vê o mar. — “From my house the sea is seen.” (Literally, “...the sea sees itself.”)
  3. Hence, used for expressions of the type "to get/become ...-ed".
    espantar = "to frighten"; espantar-se = "to get frightened" (lit. "to frighten oneself")
  4. It also developed to a form of undetermined subject for intransitive verbs (usually translated with "one").
    Vive-se bem em Belém. — “One lives well in Belém.” (Literally, *“∅ lives oneself well in Belém.”)

Notes

  • (Reflexive, reciprocal, oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves, yourself; each other, one another): Many verbs bear a reflexive pronoun by default; they are called pronominal verbs. Se must be replaced by me, te, etc. according to the subject.
    comunicar-se (com) — “to communicate (with)”
    arrepender-se — “to repent”.

See also

Portuguese personal pronouns (edit)
Number Person Subject
(nominative case) 		Objective
(object of verb) 		Prepositional
(object of preposition) 		com +
indirect object
Singular First eu me mim comigo
Second tu, você, o senhor, a senhora te ti contigo
Third ele, ela lhe, o, a, se ele, ela, si consigo
Plural First nós nos nós conosco/connosco
Second vós, vocês, os senhores, as senhoras vos vós convosco
Third eles, elas lhes, os, as, se eles, elas, si consigo

Conjunction

Se

  1. if
    • 2007, J. K. Rowling, Lya Wyler, Harry Potter e as Relíquias da Morte, Rocco, page 317:
      Desculpe, acho que dá mais medo se for meia-noite!
      I'm sorry, I thought it would be more fearsome if it were midnight!

See also

Romanian

Etymology

From Latin se.

Pronoun

Se

  1. (reflexive pronoun) oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves

Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

Pronoun

Se (Cyrillic spelling се)

  1. oneself (clitic form of reflexive pronoun)
    1. myself
    2. yourself
    3. himself
    4. herself
    5. itself
    6. ourselves
    7. yourselves
    8. themselves

Declension

    declension of Se
singular plural
nominative - -
genitive sȅbe, se sȅbe
dative sȅbi, si sȅbi
accusative sȅbe, se sȅbe
vocative - -
locative sȅbi sȅbi
instrumental sȍbōm sȍbom

Slovene

Pronoun

Se (reflexive pronoun)

  1. myself
  2. yourself
  3. himself
  4. herself
  5. itself
  6. ourselves
  7. yourselves
  8. themselves
  9. oneself

Spanish

Pronoun

Se (third person, including ‘usted’ and ‘ustedes’)

  1. Third person (also used for usted and ustedes) reflexive direct or indirect object; oneself, himself, herself, itself, yourself; each other; one another
  2. Used to form the passive voice in the third person (also used for usted and ustedes).
    ¿Cómo se llama? — “What is your name?” (Literally, “How are you called?”)
  3. Used to form impersonal sentences.
    Se dice que... — “It is said that...”
  4. Used instead of indirect object pronouns le and les before the direct object pronouns lo, la, los, or las.
    El samaritano se las dio. — “The Samaritan gave them to him.”

Notes

  • (third person (and used for ‘usted’ and ‘ustedes’) reflexive): Se is used as a suffix with verbs in the infinitive and imperative.
  • (passive voice): Se often conveys the passive voice without any literally reflexive connotation:
    Aquí se habla español — Spanish is spoken here or They speak Spanish here.

See also

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Swedish sē, sēa, sia, from Old Norse séa, sjá, from Proto-Germanic *sehwanan. Cognate with Danish se, Norwegian Nynorsk sjå and Icelandic sjá, English see, German sehen and Dutch zien.

Pronunciation

Verb

Se

  1. to see; use one's sight
    • 1888, August Strindberg, Fröken Julie
      Tvärtom, fröken Julie, som ni ser har jag skyndat uppsöka min övergivna!
      Quite the opposite, miss Julie, as you can see I have rushed to find my abandonned one!
    • 1915, John Wahlborg, Stjärnbanér i blågult
      Vad jag sett och hört och känt har helt enkelt överväldigat mig.
      What I have seen and heard and felt has quite simply overwhelmed me.
  2. to see; to understand
    Jag ser inte hur det skulle kunna vara möjligt.
    I don't see how that could be possible.
  3. to see; to form a mental picture of

Conjugation

Conjugation of Se
Active Passive
Infinitive Se Ses
Present tense ser ses
Past tense såg sågs
Supine sett setts
Imperative se —
Present participle Seende
Past participle sedd

Hypernyms

Related terms

Derived terms

Synonyms

use one's sight
understand

See also

Tocharian A

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *suHyús. Cognate with Tocharian B soy, Old Armenian ուստր (ustr) and Ancient Greek υἱύς (huiús).

Noun

Se m.

  1. son

Tuvaluan

Article

Se (indefinite article)

  1. a, an

Volapük

Preposition

Se

  1. out of

West Frisian

Pronoun

Se

  1. she
  2. they

Synonyms

ang:se br:se cs:se da:se de:se et:se el:se es:se fr:se gl:se ko:se io:se id:se it:se ka:se ku:se la:se lt:se li:se hu:se nl:se ja:se no:se nn:se pl:se pt:se ru:se st:se tn:se sl:se fi:se sv:se tr:se vi:se vo:se zh:se

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