Virus

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English

Noun

Virus (plural viruses)
  1. (archaic) Venom, as produced by a poisonous animal etc.
  2. (pathology, microbiology, virology) A submicroscopic infectious organism, now understood to be a non-cellular structure consisting of a core of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat. It requires a living cell to replicate, and often causes disease in the host organism.
    • 2001, Leslie Iversen, Drugs: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford 2001, p. 64)
      Viruses are the smallest and most simplified forms of life.
  3. (computing) A computer virus.
  4. The smallest form of microorganisms capable of causing disease. Especially, a virus of fecal origin that is infectious to humans by waterborne transmission.

Notes

  • The plural is often believed to be viri or even virii, but neither is correct Latin and both are neologistic folk etymology. The word has no plural in Latin as it is a mass noun, like oxygen or sunlight.
  • There is disagreement over whether a virus can be classed as a living organism.

Hyponyms

Related terms

Verbs for Virus

allay—; antidote—; check—; combat—; confine—; counteract—; immunize to—; inactivate—; infect with—; inject—; isolate—; neutralize—; weaken—; —attacks; —consumes; —devastates; —inflames; —invades; paralyzes; —prostrates; —ravages.

Thesaurus

acaricide, adenovirus, aerial infection, aerobe, aerobic bacteria, aerobic organism, airborne infection, amoeba, anaerobe, anaerobic bacteria, anaerobic organism, anthelmintic, antibiotic, antiseptic, autotrophic organism, bacillus, bacteria, bacterium, bane, being, bug, bug bomb, carbamate insecticide, carrier, chemosterilant, chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide, coccus, communicability, contact poison, contagion, contagiousness, contamination, corruption, creature, cryptogenic infection, defoliant, direct infection, disease-producing microorganism, disinfectant, droplet infection, dust infection, echovirus, enterovirus, epidemiology, eradicant, filterable virus, fumigant, fungicide, fungus, genetic individual, germ, germicide, gram-negative bacteria, gram-positive bacteria, hand infection, herbicide, heterotrophic organism, indirect infection, individual, infection, infectiousness, insect powder, insecticide, living being, living thing, microbe, microbicide, microorganism, miticide, mold, morphological individual, nonfilterable virus, ont, organic being, organic chlorine, organic phosphate insecticide, organism, organization, pathogen, pesticide, physiological individual, phytogenic infection, picornavirus, poison, primary infection, protozoa, protozoon, pyogenic infection, rat poison, reovirus, rhinovirus, rickettsia, roach paste, roach powder, rodenticide, secondary infection, spirillum, spirochete, spore, staphylococcus, stomach poison, streptococcus, subclinical infection, systemic, systemic insecticide, taint, toxic, toxicant, toxin, trypanosome, vector, venin, venom, vermicide, vibrio, waterborne infection, weed killer, zoogenic infection, zooid, zoon

Etymology

From Latin virus (“poison, slime, venom”). First use in the computer context by David Gerrold in his 1972 book When HARLIE Was One.

Pronunciation

Translations

DNA/RNA causing disease
computer virus — see computer virus

See also

Czech

Noun

Virus m.

  1. virus

Declension

    declension of Virus
singular plural
nominative virus viry
genitive viru virů
dative viru virům
accusative virus viry
vocative vire viry
locative viru virech
instrumental virem viry

Related terms

Danish

Noun

Virus c. n. (singular definite virussen or virusset, plural indefinite virus or virusser or vira, plural definite virussene or virusserne or viraene)

  1. virus

Dutch

Noun

Virus n. (plural virussen, diminutive virusje, diminutive plural virusjes)

  1. (microbiology) virus
  2. (computer science) virus

Pronunciation

Finnish

Noun

Virus

  1. virus

Pronunciation

  • IPA: [ˈʋirus]

Declension

Declension of virus (type vastaus)
singular plural
nominative virus virukset
genitive viruksen virusten
viruksien
partitive virusta viruksia
accusative virus
viruksen 		virukset
inessive viruksessa viruksissa
elative viruksesta viruksista
illative virukseen viruksiin
adessive viruksella viruksilla
ablative virukselta viruksilta
allative virukselle viruksille
essive viruksena viruksina
translative virukseksi viruksiksi
instructive – viruksin
abessive viruksetta viruksitta
comitative – viruksineen

French

Noun

Virus m. (plural virus)

  1. virus

Pronunciation

Galician

Noun

Virus m. (plural virus)

  1. virus (pathogen)
  2. computer virus

Etymology

From Latin virus (“poison, slime, venom”).

Italian

Noun

Virus m.

  1. virus

Latin

Noun

vīrus (genitive vīrī); n (uncountable), second declension

  1. venom
  2. poison

Etymology

Via rhotacism from Proto-Indo-European *wisos, *wīsos, *wiHsos. Cognates include Sanskrit विष (víṣa) and Ancient Greek ἰός (ios).

Inflection

Number Singular Plural
nominative vīrus —1
genitive vīrī —
dative vīrō —
accusative vīrus —
ablative vīrō —
vocative vīrus —

1 virus is declined in the singular only.

Synonyms

Portuguese

File:Rotavirus Reconstruction.jpg
virus

Noun

Virus m.

  1. computer virus (a program)


Romanian

Noun

Virus n. (plural virusuri)

  1. virus

Declension

declension of Virus
singular plural
gender n. indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative un Virus virusul niște virusuri virusurile
genitive/dative unui Virus virusului unor virusuri virusurilor
vocative — — — —
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Serbo-Croatian

Noun

vírus m. (Cyrillic spelling ви́рус)

  1. (medicine) virus (DNA/RNA causing disease)
  2. (computing) computer virus

Declension

    declension of Virus
singular plural
nominative virus virusi
genitive virusa virusa
dative virusu virusima
accusative virus viruse
vocative viruse virusi
locative virusu virusima
instrumental virusom virusima

Spanish

Noun

  1. virus, computer virus

Etymology

From Latin virus.

Swedish

Noun

Virus n.

  1. virus
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