Mereja Forum

[Horus]

[Abdelaziz]

Bado Guregna waragay, you are infected by the Timkiht or Badogura virus that causes epidemic Badogura among Amharu. Most of the books you mentioned were written by Tigrean evangelists and scholars. Amharu or Waragays do not have a command of Geez language even today let alone during the medieval era. THe Amharu militia above were also armed by TPLF not by the coward shin'tam group, ADP, led by the ar'teran spy Berket the Bekt Simon and and the se'taset wedel qiT weloye Demekech Mekonnen Hasen.

[Medo]

Orthodox Amara slave horse, Ahmed Gure was an Ethiopian from Harar. The sources you mention are debtera teret. Majority Gurages are Muslims though not 100% like Siltes. They are increasingly rejecting Amhara things. That is why we say you are irrelevant un married dotard who doesn't represent no one except exposing his low life self. Ahmed Gure was from Somali-Oromo Ethiopians educate yourself with history. Stone head. Ediot [deleted] Kkkkkkkkkk

[Selam/]

Had it not been for the herbal medicines and traditional science practiced by the “medieval habeshas” you and your linage would have perished long ago due to tape worm and infectious diseases. Ask yourself how in the hell Ethiopia continued to exist for thousands of years if its history was marred by utter ignorance and disorder.

Filled with diseases and open excrement and garbage, Europe was the most dark and disgusting places on earth and it was at the verge of complete destruction. The horror of sickness, death and disorder triggered their ordinances and health guidelines. Had they not have those measures in place, They would have perished to exist as a society.

Despite the severe poverty, and lack of modern medicine, sanitary facilities and utilities, why are Ethiopian cities and towns still striving? Is it due to some sort of supernatural intervention or are there unwritten codes and orders that fools like yourself could never understand?

But, as distinct from medieval Europe, medieval habashia had zero number of books written on useful topics such as science, architecture, botany, zoology, the arts, etc, as all of its books were nothing more than a translated version of falasha voodoos.

Many of these books on falasha voodoo were not even translated by native-born monks but by Arabic-speaking missionaries sent to Abyssinia from Coptic Egypt, Syria, The Levant, Nubia, etc.

Of course, most of the original documents/books on falasha voodoos arrived in Abyssinia in the form of books written in Arabic &, obviously, the translators into Geez had to be literate both in Arabic & Geez languages. Only the foreign monks (Copts/Egyptians), Syrians) mastered both languages. Also, no attempt was made to write anything on indigenous voodoos aka religions - zero! ..

That is why millions of Ethiopians have YET to master that elementary concept of wearing the humble sandal shoes, while 90%+ of Ethiopians lack basic toilets in 2019!







NEWS: "Ethiopia is the worst African country when it comes to lowest access to decent household toilets, a report by the charity WaterAid on the state of the world’s toilet 2018 has noted...." https://str8talkmagazine.com/index.php/ ... -top-spot/

[Selam/]

Medo Mededaw - “...Majority Gurages are Muslims...” Show me your source.

“...They are increasingly rejecting Amhara things.” Really? Aren’t there Muslim Amharas?

What an idiot.

Orthodox Amara slave horse, Ahmed Gure was an Ethiopian from Harar. The sources you mention are debtera teret. Majority Gurages are Muslims though not 100% like Siltes. They are increasingly rejecting Amhara things. That is why we say you are irrelevant un married dotard who doesn't represent no one except exposing his low life self. Ahmed Gure was from Somali-Oromo Ethiopians educate yourself with history. Stone head. Ediot [deleted] Kkkkkkkkkk

[Selam/]

Woyane rat Abdelaziz - How is the family business doing? Is it thriving? Prostitution is in high demand these days.

Bado Guregna waragay, you are infected by the Timkiht or Badogura virus that causes epidemic Badogura among Amharu. Most of the books you mentioned were written by Tigrean evangelists and scholars. Amharu or Waragays do not have a command of Geez language even today let alone during the medieval era. THe Amharu militia above were also armed by TPLF not by the coward shin'tam group, ADP, led by the ar'teran spy Berket the Bekt Simon and and the se'taset wedel qiT weloye Demekech Mekonnen Hasen.

[Zreal]

But, as distinct from medieval Europe, medieval habashia had zero number of books written on useful topics such as science, architecture, botany, zoology, the arts, etc, as all of its books were nothing more than a translated version of falasha voodoos.

አንተ ስለ ጥንታዊ ኢትይጵያውያ ሊቃውንት የምርምር እውቀት ያውቅኽው ማወቅ በምትችለው አቅምህ ብቻ ስለሆነ እንደዚህ ብትል አይፈርድብህም!!

እስኪ ለማንኛውም ለስጥንታዊ ኢትዮጵያውያን ሊቃውንት ይህችን ቪዲዮ ተመልከታት!! ከቻልክ ሁሉንም ብታየው ብዙ ታውቅበታለህ!!

[sun]

Horus,

You are just a pathological cheap liar being challenged and exposed by informed people at every turning point forcing you wriggle and twerk your dirty liar baboon red ar$$$.

[Selam/]

That sounds much better. Remember though that Ethiopian tribes existed way before the influx of Arab traders and missionaries. How did they sustain for thousands of years in the treacherous environment without a longstanding autochthonous knowledge of agriculture, medicine and climatology? Call it high level of instinct or acquired knowledge, people must have been smarter than today’s tribal bandits who have the means to elevate our society out of poverty and unite them but opted to reduce themselves to mere hate mongers and idiocy. Also, saying the Arabs brought this or that is a shallow argument. One should question where the Arabs got their knowledge.

Selam,

All tribes in Ethiopia have had - still have - their own traditional or herbal medicines as part of their indigenous way of life. DUH!

Those herbal medicines used against tapeworm & similar other nasties were the product of indigenous Agew herbal medicines, with some influences from Arab traditional medicines brought-in by Arabic-speaking missionary monks who were responsible for the spread of christianity in northern Ethiopia. Of course, it was these Arab-speaking foreign (coptic) monks who translated the first bible from the Arabic into Geez & later translated other religious documents such as 'kibrenegest' into Geez from the Arabic.

Even today, the local priests & monks in Tigray, Eritrea, Lalibela, Gondar, etc, have NOT written or produced anything original or USEFUL by using the Sabaean alphabet that came to the region courtesy of who?? ... Good boy/gal! ... courtesy of ancient Arabs!. All those local monks & transcribers do is continuously & slowly copy documents that had originally been translated by those foreign & Arabic-speaking monks. Their effort is so painfully slow that it takes more than one monk's life time to transcribe/copy ONE bible into Geez, Tigrinya or Amharic.

Of course, most if not ALL of these bible copying activities took place in the region we call today Eritrea & Tigray. Last time I checked, both these ethnic-Tigre dominated regions [Eritrea & Tigray want ZERO to do with the rest of Ethiopia populated by gudeelas, gallas, shankillas, gumuzes, weitos, etc. .

That is: ethnic Tigres & Bejas (real Tigres) are the ones who are closer to copied documents on ancient falasha voodoos - not gudeelas like YOU, Horus & Zreal [another genfofit gudeela!! .. So leave them to reclaim those written documents on falasha voodoo as theirs. CAPITO?

photo: copying the Geez bible by hand in Tigray in 2015. The practice of copying the bible has hardly changed since Arabic-seaking foreign monks translated the first bible from the Arabic into Geez more than a 1000 years ago.



reference: to read & learn more on Arabic-speaking monks responsible of spreading christianity in northern Ethiopia who also translated the first bible into Geez, try this link. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nine_Saints

[Axumawi]

Orthodox Amara slave horse, Ahmed Gure was an Ethiopian from Harar. The sources you mention are debtera teret. Majority Gurages are Muslims though not 100% like Siltes. They are increasingly rejecting Amhara things. That is why we say you are irrelevant un married dotard who doesn't represent no one except exposing his low life self. Ahmed Gure was from Somali-Oromo Ethiopians educate yourself with history. Stone head. Ediot [deleted] Kkkkkkkkkk

Aren't you doing the same thing, what you advice Horus not to do?

What was Ahmed Qury father's name, Grand Fathers's name. What was his mother's name? Which clan was his father from/ which clan was his mother from?
The Hareri are neither Somali nor Oromo, I think you can accept that much which is very elementary fact.

Don't be a hypocrite. Follow your advice or change your advice yourself.

There was no countries during Ahmed Qurey days. There were sultanates, kingdoms, empires...but not countries.

[Degnet]

Selam,

All tribes in Ethiopia have had - still have - their own traditional or herbal medicines as part of their indigenous way of life. DUH!

Those herbal medicines used against tapeworm & similar other nasties were the product of indigenous Agew herbal medicines, with some influences from Arab traditional medicines brought-in by Arabic-speaking missionary monks who were responsible for the spread of christianity in northern Ethiopia. Of course, it was these Arab-speaking foreign (coptic) monks who translated the first bible from the Arabic into Geez & later translated other religious documents such as 'kibrenegest' into Geez from the Arabic.

Even today, the local priests & monks in Tigray, Eritrea, Lalibela, Gondar, etc, have NOT written or produced any original work by using the Sabaean alphabet that came to the region courtesy of who?? ... Good boy/gal! ... courtesy of ancient Arabs!. All those local monks & transcribers do is continuously & slowly copy documents that had originally been translated by those foreign & Arabic-speaking monks. Their effort is so painfully slow that it takes more than one monk's life time to transcribe/copy ONE bible into Geez, Tigrinya or Amharic.

Of course, most if not ALL of these bible copying activities took place in the region we call today Eritrea & Tigray. Last time I checked, both these ethnic-Tigre dominated regions [Eritrea & Tigray] want ZERO to do with the rest of Ethiopia populated by gudeelas, gallas, shankillas, gumuzes, weitos, etc. .

That is: ethnic Tigres & Bejas (real Tigres) are the ones who are closer to copied documents on ancient falasha voodoos - not gudeelas like YOU or like Horus! .. So leave them to reclaim those written documents on falasha voodoo as theirs. CAPITO?[/MP3]

photo: copying the Geez bible by hand in Tigray in 2015. The practice of copying the bible has hardly changed since Arabic-seaking foreign monks translated the first bible from the Arabic into Geez more than a 1000 years ago.



TO reference: to read & learn on Arabic-speaking monks spread christianity & also translated the first bible into Geez, try this link. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nine_Saints

Ene tigrignaw metsehaf kedus be manbeb Amlaken awkebetalehugn,shertam eslam,temark altemark Amlak yeleleh fetur neh.The 3 Cs,Choice,Chance and Change.Emancipate yourself from mental slavery.

[Axumawi]

Selam,

photo: copying the Geez bible by hand in Tigray in 2015. The practice of copying the bible has hardly changed since Arabic-seaking foreign monks translated the first bible from the Arabic into Geez more than a 1000 years ago.

This is done for a different reason than what you think.
Learn something about preservation. If we cannot replicate the Brana, we can replicate the imagery and content. Photocopying does not do justice, has been tried. Good only to have cheap copies.

Who died and told you the Kibri Negestat or Fithi Negestat was translated from Arabic? lol Where do you folks learn this fiction from Megalomantis?

Actually Arabic was the last at the time and 4th language the Fithi Negestat was translated into. Of course German, English..came much later.

These books were written and originated in today's eastern and central zone in Tigray. Within 200km of Debre Damo since they had to use the library at Debre Damo.

What makes you think the bible in Geez was translated from Arabic?

If you only knew that Christianity did not come to Axum via Egypt, that should straighten out some of your thinking.

The first bible translation from the daily use spoken languages today was Tigre then later Tigraigna. The translation was done from Greek. The printed publishing was done in France. The translation to Tigre was done by 4 Debteras/Habeshas and a Swede. 2 of the Debteras were from Maria and the other two from Tigray, who spoke both Agew and Tigre.

It is shorter to Axum from Constantinople through Yemen/Saudi Arabia than through Egypt. Give it a look.


But I totally agree with you on something. Horus must have been suffering Amhara chauvinism syndrome. He is copying everything they said and did about historical things. They almost killed the Agew, the source of most things, except the Amhara were too backwards to finish the Agew and steal everything Agew and claim it.

[Abere]

Wow, what a great work and accomplishment! God bless the writer of the Book. No amount of money can match what this writer contributed to Ethiopia first and her oldest faith, Orthodox Christianity. Likewise, much credit to our ancestors who left this much impressive and unparalleled precious books written in Geez/Amharic/. This is how much genuine and superb our Orthodox Christianity. በፅሁፍ ያለ ይወረሳል፤ በቃል ያለ ይረሳል። ኦርቶዶክስ ከዕንቁ መረጃዋ ጋር የተቀበልናት ህይወታችን ናት ፣ከነ ሙሉ ገናና ታሪኳ እና በረከቷ ለተተኪው ትውልድ የማስተላለፍ የሁሉም ግዳጅ ነው። ከመረጃ ሰላቢ ሌባ፣ከመጤ እምነት ጥቃት እና የትርክት ወይም ተረት ተረት ፈጣሪዎችን ነቅተን እንጠብቅ። በተለይም በኮሎኔል ዐብይ ዘመን እየተፈፀመ ያለው ዳግማዊ ግራኝ ዐህመድ ዝርፊያ እና ጥፋት በአስቸኳይ መቆም አለበት፣ የተጎዱት ዐብያተ ክርስቲያናት መንግሥት ተብዬው ካሣ መክፈል አለበት። ፍትህ ለኦርቶዶክስ እስካል ተገኜ ድረስ ፣ ሠላም አይመጣም።

[Selam/]

Really? Don’t you dare say that again. In the eye of the higher judge, you and I are tiny powerless creatures and we don’t have the authority to make judgments on other’s religions. Let me ask you this since you’re accusing Muslims for having a choice: do you like the taste of beef or octopus better?

Ene tigrignaw metsehaf kedus be manbeb Amlaken awkebetalehugn,shertam eslam,temark altemark Amlak yeleleh fetur neh.The 3 Cs,Choice,Chance and Change.Emancipate yourself from mental slavery.

[Horus]

እነ ሰን፣ አብደላዚዝ፣ መዶ፣ ሃላፊ ። ምናምን

እኔኮ ንቄ ትቻችኋለሁ፣ በቃ ! የናንተ ፕሪሚቲቨ ተረት መጋለጥ ግን ገና መጀመሩ ነው ። ካሻህ እንደ ፈላ ዘይት ተንጫረር !!

[AbyssiniaLady]

Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi

Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi (c.1507 - February 21, 1543) was a Somali general who defeated several Ethiopian emperors and wreaked much damage on that nation. He is also known as Ahmad Gragn, or "Ahmed the left-handed".

He was born from the Abraine clan sub-clan of the majority populated North Gadaboursi (Samaron) Tribe in Zeylac. He was married to Bati del Wambara, the daughter of Mahfuz the governor of Zeila . When Mahfuz was killed returning from a campaign against the Ethiopian emperor Lebne Dengel in 1517, the Adal sultanate lapsed into anarchy for several years, until Ahmad killed the last of the contenders for power and took control of Harar.

In retaliation for an attack on Adal in 1527-8 by the Ethiopian general Degalhan, Ahmad invaded Ethiopia in 1529, and inflicted a defeat on Lebne Dengel. Ahmad campaigned again in Ethiopia in 1531, looting the island monastery of Lake Hayq and the stone churches of Lalibela. When he entered the province of Tigray, he defeated an Ethiopian army that confronted him there, and on reaching Axum destroyed the Church of Our Lady Mary of Zion, in which the Ethiopian emperors had been coronated for centuries.

The Ethiopians were forced to ask for help from the Portuguese, who landed at the port of Massawa on February 10, 1541 in the reign of the emperor Gelawdewos . This force was led by Christopher da Gama , and included 400 musketeers and a number of artisans and other non-combatants. In response, Ahmad received 900 well-armed men from the Ottomans in Yemen to assist him.

While the Portuguese expedition were victorious in most of their engagements with Ahmad's forces, da Gama allowed himself to be trapped by Ahmad somewhere north of the Tekezé River, where he was killed along with all but 140 of his troops. The survivors and Galawedos were able to join forces, and drawing on the Portuguese supplies, they attacked Ahmad on February 21, 1543 in the Battle of Wayna Daga , where their 9,000 troops managed to defeat the 15,000 soldiers under Ahmad. Ahmad was killed by a Portuguese musketteer, who was mortally wounded in avenging da Gama's death.

His wife Bati del Wambara managed to escape the battlefield with a remnant of the Turkish soldiers to Harar, where she rallied his followers. She agreed to marry his nephew Nur ibn Mujahid on the condition that Nur would avenge Ahmad's defeat.

In Ethiopia the damage which [Ahmad] Gragn did has never been forgotten," wrote Paul B. Henze. "Every Christian highlander still hears tales of Gragn in his childhood. Haile Selassie referred to him in his memoirs. I have often had villagers in northern

Ethiopia point out sites of towns, forts, churches and monasteries destroyed by Gragn as if these catastrophes had occurred only yesterday. Somali consider Ahmad a national hero,

Sources
Ahmad's invasion of Ethiopia is described in detail in the Futuh al-habasa ("The Conquest of Ethiopia") written in Arabic by Ahmad's follower Sihab ad-Din Admad ibn 'Abd-al-Qadir , and covers the story up to March 19, 1537. This history was translated into French by René Basset, but no translation into English has yet been made.


Low IQ Tigrayan trolls think they are smart, smh!!!

[Abere]

የፀረ-ኢትዮጵያዊያን ከንቱ ምኞት የእውነተኛ ኢትዮጵያን ተፈጥሮአዊ እና ባህላዊ ውርስ ሃብቶች ለባዕዳን አሳልፎ መስጠት - ያካልሆነ ደግሞ የትርክት ወይም ተረት ተረት ልብ-ወለድ መድበል በየ ፎረሙ መለጣጠፍ - አልያም እንዴ አሸን በፈሉት ዩቲብ ቴሌቭዥን እንክርዳድ ማውራት ነው። በተለይም ከፍተኛ የሰበዓዊነት የበታችነት ስሜት የሚያጠቃቸው ኦነግ ወይም ጁሃራዊያኖች ከሰውልጅ ህሌና በታች የሆነ የፈጠራ እና የጥላቻ ትርክት ዋና ቱል ቱላዎች ናቸው። አንዳንዶች የኢትዮጵያን ልዕልና ታሪክ መስማት ለእነርሱ ውርዴት ስለሚመስላቸው የኢትዮጵያ የክርስትና ሃይማኖት ከዐረቦች ጋር ለማስተሳሰር እና ቀምቶ ለአረቦች ለመስጠት ይፈልጋሉ። ጥንታዊ ኦርቶዶክስ ዐረባዊ እምነት ነው ማለት የጅል ምቀኛ ትርክት ይመስላል ወይም የቀንድ ከብት በውቅያኖስ ወይም ባህር ወስጥ እንዴ ዓሣ-ነባሪ ይኖራሉ ማለት ዓይነት። ከገሙ ዐይቀር ማለት ይኸ ነው - የኦነጋዊ ዓይነት።

በመጀመሪያ ወንጌል ሳይሰበክ ኢትዮጵያ ከዓለም ቀድማ ክርስቲያ የነበረች አገር ናት። በዓለም ላይ ከኢየሩሳሌም በመቀጠል ሌላዋ እየሩሳሌም ኢትዮጵያ ናት። ብሉይ እና ሐዲስ ኪዳን ቀድመው የተዘሩባት አገር ኢትዮጵያ እንጅ አንድም የዐረብ አገር የለም። የነብዩ የሙሤ ታሪክ ከኢትዮጵያ ጋር በደም እና በሥጋ የተሳሰረባት አገር ኢትዮጵያ ናት። በእራሱ በእየሱስ ክርስቶስ ደቀ መዝሙር እጅ በፊሊጶስ የተጠመቀው የንግሥት ህንዴኬ ኢትዮጵያዊ ሹም ነው። የኢትዮጵያ ክርስትና በእራሱ በክርስቶስ የወንጌል ሐዋርያ የተሰጠች እንጅ ከአገር ጎብኝ ዐረብ ወይም የምዕራባዊ ፓስተር የተላከ አይደለም። ቀደምት በንግሥተ ሳባ በኋላም በበቁ ኢትዮጵያዊያኖች ምክንያት ኢትዮጵያ በእየሩስ ዓለም እርስት ጉልት ያላት እና ታዋቂውን ገዳመ ዴርሱልጣን ያላት ብቸኛ ጥቁር አፍሪካዊ አገር ናት። ይኸ ከማንም ዐረብ የተሰጠ አይደለም እንዳውም ልፋታቸው ኢትዮጵያን ከመዝገብ ላይ ማጥፋት እና አሻራዋን መሰረዝ ነው። ለዚህም ኦነጋዊያን እና ጁሃራዊያን የኢትዮጵይ የሆነውን ሁሉ ለግብፅ መስጠት ይመኛሉ። እነርሱ የምሥር አህዮች ናቸው እና።

ለመሆኑ ኦነጋዊያን ስለ ጥቁሩ ወይም አበሻዊ የፈርዖን ንጉስ ስንት ያውቃሉ። አበሻዊ ፈርዖን ከፈርዖኖች ሁሉ እጅግ ስመ ገናና ነበር። የኢትዮጵያ ያልሆነ እና የኢትዮጵያ እጅ ያላረፈበት ቅርስም እምነትም የለም። ኢትዮጵያ እያጎረሰች እጇ ስለሚነከስ ሁልጊዜም ከባዕድ መጤ ሃይማኖት እና የምሥር የግብጥ አጋስስ አህያዎች መጠበቅ አለባት። ዐረቦች ለመድፈር ብዙ ታከቱ ሲያቅታቸውም ኢትዮጵያን የክርስቲያን ደሴት ብለው ብዙ ተበሳጩ። ኢትዮጵያ ሀገረ እግዚአብሄር ስለሆነች ጠባቂዋ እግዚአብሄር ብቻ ነው።

[AbyssiniaLady]

For Abyssinians with delusional disorders.


Ethiopia is a very young country and 150 years old.

[Abere]

ኦነጋዊያን የመልክዓ-ምድር አቅጣጫ ችግር አለባቸው ። They are directionally challenged - don't know N - S, E -W. ሁሉ ኬኛ

[Selam/]

I am off-grid but I’ll continue to respond to you when I ever I come across a connection. Although no one denies the role of the Syrian monks on the spread of Christianity in Ethiopia, you seem to over-value the contribution of the Arabs in Ethiopia’s civilization.

Before the prophet interjected humanity in them, Pre-Islamic Arabians were a bunch of ignorant nomads, who fukked camels and buried their daughters alive. At that time, Ethiopians were experimenting with indigenous seeds, building terraces and worshipping one God, be it waqa or Igiziabher. Remember, the Syrians brought in the gospel not the Books of Moses.

Even post-Islamic Arabia would have remained irrelevant, had it not been for the Byzantines. Upon its destruction, the Arabs looted Constantinople and and in a way preserved and developed classical knowledge. And yet, the Ferenjis fooled and screwed the Arabs later after the fall of Ottoman, fracturing them into the smaller and antagonist nations that they are now. Whereas, ancient Ethiopians knew the satanic nature of the ferenjis all along and whacked them cleverly whenever they showed up at their border. Even in modern times, had it not been for their oil, the lousy Arabs would have remained as nomads and goat herders.

Having said that, I am a firm believer that no single nation can claim sole ownership of any civilization because the demarcation is always blurry. Modern western medical science wouldn’t have existed if there were no herbal medical practice in Africa. Today’s domestic animals in Africa would have been different, without the early practice of domestication in Europe and Asia.

Selam: That sounds much better. Remember though that Ethiopian tribes existed way before the influx of Arab traders and missionaries. How did they sustain for thousands of years in the treacherous environment without a longstanding autochthonous knowledge of agriculture, medicine and climatology? Call it high level of instinct or acquired knowledge, people must have been smarter than today’s tribal bandits who have the means to elevate our society out of poverty and unite them but opted to reduce themselves to mere hate mongers and idiocy. Also, saying the Arabs brought this or that is a shallow argument. One should question where the Arabs got their knowledge.

Selam,

Akkami? Fayyaa?

1) - First, perhaps due to the desert nature of much of their land, the Arabs were early starters in the business of maritime & land-based trade/commerce. On that basis, they have been exposed to different parts of the known world & were able to serve as the transmitters of new ideas in the area of farming, writing & tool manufacturing, etc. For example, they got writing systems & maths (algebra) used to enhance their commercial activities from the Persians, Indians, Chinese, Greeks etc.

2) - The contact between Arabs & Africans (specially those in the Horn) is an ancient one just like the people involved. Most of the crops & animals farmed today in the Horn of Africa are not indigenous to the Horn but were introduced to the region by &/or via Arab merchants. For example, zebu cattle, camels, goats, sheep, donkeys, horses, pigs & even the humble chicken were all farm animals that were domesticated in western Asia (middle east, Indian sub continent, etc) & were introduced to Africa. Wheat, barley, corn, rice, berbere (chili), potato, cotton & even teff were ALL introduced to Africa from Asia via Arabs.

ALL the spices used in the so called 'Ethiopian food' originated in India & South-East Asia & were introduced to the Horn via Arabs. Even that very unsuitable & destructive technique of using draft animals (pair of oxen) to plough farms on the mountainous terrain of the Ethiopian Highlands was introduced by Arabs from the middle east, where crops were farmed along flat riverbeds (Mesopotamia/Iraq, Egypt). The destructive nature of this farming technique is self-evident as most of northern Ethiopia has lost its top soil to centuries of erosion.

Of course, just about all new ideas in terms of culture (religions, alphabets, etc) were all introduced to Africa via? .. yes, you guessed it right! .. via those enterprising & traveling Arabs, some Greeks, Indians & to a lesser extent the Portuguese & Italians.

3) - On that basis we could ask: what exactly were indigenous African tribes doing to make a living before farm animals & crops were introduced to the continent? .. Did Africans manage to domesticate ANY farm animals or crops? .. The answer is an emphatic NO! (except few exception that are also being disputed). Until the Arabs - or their ancestors - began to introduce those crops & domestic farm animals, most Africans led a way of life not dissimilar to the way of life led by the great African apes (chimps, gorillas, baboons). For millennia, most Africans were hunter-gatherers just like these apes & there is no evidence that Africans thought of domesticating ANY of the animals or plants that roamed/filled their continent.

4) - The other question one could ask is: if Africans were (still are) so primitive & had produced nothing that would interest those pesky Arab merchants, how come Arabs still showed interest in trading with Africans? ... the answer is SLAVES & IVORY! .. which were both the product of a hunter-gather way of life. Africans sold to Arab, Greek, Indian, etc, merchants the result of their gruesome economic activity (slaves & elephant tusks) &, in exchange, got domesticated farm animals (zebu cows, goats, camels), crops (wheat, rice, spices, etc), tools, spices, clothing, writing system (fidel), etc.

5) - I doubt if even today's Africans & their so called elites that feud over silly things such as tribal names or religions have what it takes to develop their countries. Even those few countries in Africa where things seem to work a bit better & are making a slow progress are run by an underclass of foreign entrepreneurs or expatriates:Indians (eg. Kenya, Mauritius, Tanzania), Ferenjis (eg. South Africa, Botswana, Namibia, Kenya), Arabs (Tanzania, Sudan, North Africa) & increasingly Chinese (eg. Ethiopia, Kenya). Think of Ethiopia's so called "industrial parks" & observe how the few that actually work & are profitable are those run by the Chinese.

6) - Hence, the so called "Ethiopian elites" that you accused of fomenting inter-tribal animosities & conflicts LACK the entrepreneurial acumen/skills to run businesses & generate more wealth. In fact, most are "political elites" [chattering classes] NOT industrial/economical elites inclined to start PRODUCTIVE BUSINESSES. All they do is compete for what little is produced by others. Their main modus operandi is not dissimilar to what different herds of gorillas or chimps do in the wild to dominate each other in a bid to control patches of forest that contain trees that produce edible berries & animals that can be hunted for food.

7) - My hope is for Africans to FIRST ACKNOWLEDGE their inherent ineptitude/limitations & let foreigners run the place (Africa). In fact, the very survival of the black race depends on that. If not, it is only a matter of time before Africans are invaded again by foreigners & the entire black race is made extinct just like the Red Indians of the Americas or the Aborigines of Australia. It is a sobering thought - isn't it. ... OK? .. Oh, well meches mal godhani/መቼስ ማል ጎዳኒ ..

Nagaatti.

photo: Africa's progress: from 'Lucy/Dinqinesh', the oldest known semi-human to ... President-for-life & great Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe





photo: school classrooms in rural Ethiopia in 2019 .. Oh dear ..

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