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kerenite
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Re: Somalia loses $500 million annually to foreign illegal fishing

Post by kerenite » 03 Apr 2021, 14:02

Somaliman wrote:
02 Apr 2021, 17:46
kerenite wrote:
02 Apr 2021, 17:36
AbyssiniaLady wrote:
02 Apr 2021, 15:29
the Government of Somalia has made significant progress toward defining its maritime boundaries.



In recent years, Somalia government has made significant progress toward defining its maritime boundaries. It first declared its territorial sea boundary out to 200 nautical miles (370 Kilometers) in 1972. In 1989, Somalia ratified the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), Somalia officially declared its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) in 2014, In addition to declaring its EEZ in 2014, Somalia's government extended its territorial waters from 200 nautical miles (370 Kilometers) to 350 nautical miles (648.2 Kilometers) from its coastal baselines.

However, Somalia can claim even further than 350 nautical miles (648.2 Kilometers) in the Indian Ocean

The protection zone that protects Somali coastal fishermen and in which foreign fishing vessels are not permitted to enter is up to 24 nautical miles (44.45 kilometers). Only Somali fishermen are allowed to fish within 24 nautical miles (44.45 kilometers). This protection of coastal fishing grounds is beneficial to Somali communities that rely on fishing. Though it is clear that the nearshore areas are reserved for Somali fishers by Somali law, foreign vessels are known to fish within the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and even within the areas reserved for Somali fishers. The designation of boundaries does not prevent illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing. Although Illegal, Unreported and Unregualted (IUU) has prevailed in the very extensive Somali Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), however given the consistent migration patterns and the Somali upwelling process this goes through perpetual replenishment and thus the fishery resource remained intact. Nature has given Somalia fertile seawater.

Fishing is a highly profitable venture throughout the world, the tuna industry alone is worth US$ 39.3 billion globally.
The poor egyptians and the poor yemenis have consumed almost all of the fishes in their water areas hence looking further while they have families to feed and as such they trespass the 25 miles (disregarding the international law) and fish in virgin seas such as of somalia and eritrea.


It is fasica today and I say Ruhus fasica to all.

A bonus or mokshish regarding the subject at hand the fish. As I mentioned above, a joke is in order here and it goes....

A lot of yemeni fishes were seen swimming towards eritrea to seek shelter. Once they arrived at the eritrean seashore they saw eri fishes out of the sea enjoying the sunshine at the banks.

The eri fishes ask the yemeni fishes why they are seeking asylum in Eritrea and the yemenis respond by saying because of the round up or GIFFA.

The eritrean fishes responded by saying you unlucky yemenis we feel your pain.

We eri fishes are Lucky here. ITOM ZIGEFUNA ZINEBERU NIRIESOM TEGEFIFOM.
roughly translated: ineza ignan lemegfet yemetu rasachew tegefefu.




The joke sounded good until I missed the last part that seemed to conclude it. Therefore, translation is needed for non Amharic/Tigrynia speakers!
Greetings somaliman,

You are absolutely right, the joke has lost its flavor b/c I concluded it with tigrigna and amharic.

I should have concluded it in English as follows:

The yemeni fishes were swimmimg fast to reach the eritrean shores out of their country to seek shelter in Eritrea. Once they arrived, they were surprised to see the eri fishes at the bank, their wings stretched wide open and enjoing the sunshine. So this was unique to the yemeni fishes, hence they ask.. Aren't you scared from the fishermen? The eri fishes laugh and say. The fishermen don't exist any more here, they were taken to sawa. Rest assured yemenis, you are safe here.

Eris are welcoming people even our fishes.

kerenite
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Re: Somalia loses $500 million annually to foreign illegal fishing

Post by kerenite » 03 Apr 2021, 14:13

AbyssiniaLady wrote:
02 Apr 2021, 23:15
kerenite

The destructive and anti prosperity Eritrean president has banned Eritrean fishermen from fishing in their own waters since Saudi Arabia and its allies intervened in Yemen's civil war in 2015 under the pretext of security, Yemenis & Egyptian are now benefiting from Isaias Afwerki backward economic policies.
Greetings abyssinyaLady,

Sadly I reiterate sadly.. You are spot on.

Somaliman
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Re: Somalia loses $500 million annually to foreign illegal fishing

Post by Somaliman » 03 Apr 2021, 19:15

kerenite wrote:
03 Apr 2021, 14:02
Somaliman wrote:
02 Apr 2021, 17:46
kerenite wrote:
02 Apr 2021, 17:36
AbyssiniaLady wrote:
02 Apr 2021, 15:29
the Government of Somalia has made significant progress toward defining its maritime boundaries.



In recent years, Somalia government has made significant progress toward defining its maritime boundaries. It first declared its territorial sea boundary out to 200 nautical miles (370 Kilometers) in 1972. In 1989, Somalia ratified the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), Somalia officially declared its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) in 2014, In addition to declaring its EEZ in 2014, Somalia's government extended its territorial waters from 200 nautical miles (370 Kilometers) to 350 nautical miles (648.2 Kilometers) from its coastal baselines.

However, Somalia can claim even further than 350 nautical miles (648.2 Kilometers) in the Indian Ocean

The protection zone that protects Somali coastal fishermen and in which foreign fishing vessels are not permitted to enter is up to 24 nautical miles (44.45 kilometers). Only Somali fishermen are allowed to fish within 24 nautical miles (44.45 kilometers). This protection of coastal fishing grounds is beneficial to Somali communities that rely on fishing. Though it is clear that the nearshore areas are reserved for Somali fishers by Somali law, foreign vessels are known to fish within the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and even within the areas reserved for Somali fishers. The designation of boundaries does not prevent illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing. Although Illegal, Unreported and Unregualted (IUU) has prevailed in the very extensive Somali Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), however given the consistent migration patterns and the Somali upwelling process this goes through perpetual replenishment and thus the fishery resource remained intact. Nature has given Somalia fertile seawater.

Fishing is a highly profitable venture throughout the world, the tuna industry alone is worth US$ 39.3 billion globally.
The poor egyptians and the poor yemenis have consumed almost all of the fishes in their water areas hence looking further while they have families to feed and as such they trespass the 25 miles (disregarding the international law) and fish in virgin seas such as of somalia and eritrea.


It is fasica today and I say Ruhus fasica to all.

A bonus or mokshish regarding the subject at hand the fish. As I mentioned above, a joke is in order here and it goes....

A lot of yemeni fishes were seen swimming towards eritrea to seek shelter. Once they arrived at the eritrean seashore they saw eri fishes out of the sea enjoying the sunshine at the banks.

The eri fishes ask the yemeni fishes why they are seeking asylum in Eritrea and the yemenis respond by saying because of the round up or GIFFA.

The eritrean fishes responded by saying you unlucky yemenis we feel your pain.

We eri fishes are Lucky here. ITOM ZIGEFUNA ZINEBERU NIRIESOM TEGEFIFOM.
roughly translated: ineza ignan lemegfet yemetu rasachew tegefefu.




The joke sounded good until I missed the last part that seemed to conclude it. Therefore, translation is needed for non Amharic/Tigrynia speakers!
Greetings somaliman,

You are absolutely right, the joke has lost its flavor b/c I concluded it with tigrigna and amharic.

I should have concluded it in English as follows:

The yemeni fishes were swimmimg fast to reach the eritrean shores out of their country to seek shelter in Eritrea. Once they arrived, they were surprised to see the eri fishes at the bank, their wings stretched wide open and enjoing the sunshine. So this was unique to the yemeni fishes, hence they ask.. Aren't you scared from the fishermen? The eri fishes laugh and say. The fishermen don't exist any more here, they were taken to sawa. Rest assured yemenis, you are safe here.

Eris are welcoming people even our fishes.




Greetings to you, too, Kerenite.

I liked the joke, indeed!

Eritrea and Central Asia, which consists of the former Russian and Soviet republics of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, are two places that I'm interested in visiting. In Eritrea, particularly while Isaias is still president, because, to me, once he leaves for one reason or another as nothing is eternal, Eritrea will be crowded and its streets won't look as romantic as they do now!

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Re: Somalia loses $500 million annually to foreign illegal fishing

Post by AbyssiniaLady » 17 Apr 2021, 17:31

A new report 12.04.2021





Old report 2019.



The Kenyan and Seychelles industrial fishing fleet in Somali waters are operated and owned by European criminal companies, shitfaced Kenyans own nothing in their shithole country.

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Re: Somalia loses $500 million annually to foreign illegal fishing

Post by AbyssiniaLady » 17 Apr 2021, 21:01

Western experts estimate that between 50% and 70% of all seafood consumed in the EU and Asia is caught illegally in Somali waters and two-thirds of all Tunas sold at international market is caught illegally Somali waters, That’s outrageous exploitation of Somalia marine resources, The Somali tropical tuna is used as sashimi, a popular dish in both Japan and South Korea.

This beautiful coastline is a magnet for huge commercial fishing fleets from Japan, Taiwan, South Korea, China, South America, Middle East, South Asia and Europe, Basically the whole world.


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Re: Somalia loses $500 million annually to foreign illegal fishing

Post by AbyssiniaLady » 20 Jun 2021, 20:39

Ethiopia and Somalia sign seafood trade agreement for the first time



Ethiopia, Somalia sign trade agreement

Jun 20, 2021

Addis Ababa, June 20, 2021 (FBC) – Ethiopia and Somalia have signed a trade agreement that would see Mogadishu export fish to Addis Ababa.

Ethiopian Ambassador to Somalia, Abdulfatah Abdullahi Hassan and Somalia’s Minister of Fisheries, Abdizaz Hajj Bashir flagged off the 5000 ton of fish on Sunday.

It is to be recalled that Ethiopia, Eritrea and Somalia signed trilateral agreement for multifaceted cooperation in 2018.

https://www.fanabc.com/english/ethiopia ... -agreement

They should thank me, I promoted Somali fish, fish is an excellent source of protein.

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Re: Somalia loses $500 million annually to foreign illegal fishing

Post by AbyssiniaLady » 21 Jun 2021, 18:36

When a Armed Spanish Thief Becomes a Helper.



According to Luis Planas Puchades, a Spanish labour inspector, diplomat and politician, Somali waters are vital for the Spanish tuna fishing fleet, Shipowners and fishers agree on the enormous difficulties that abandoning the Somali waters would represent, despite the threat of Somali pirates.

The Spanish and other European Union thieves are using counter-piracy missions as a pretext to continue plundering Somalia's coastal marine resources.

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Re: Somalia loses $500 million annually to foreign illegal fishing

Post by AbyssiniaLady » 21 Jun 2021, 19:03

Neither Asia nor Europe share a coast with Somalia, Yet the Asian & European thieves dominate Somalia fisheries and profits the most from it, Somalia fisheries are lucrative, feeding a market worth more than a billion dollar.






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Re: Somalia loses $500 million annually to foreign illegal fishing

Post by AbyssiniaLady » 22 Jun 2021, 16:44

Somalia marine coastal ecosystems is one the richest large marine ecosystems but it is also the stage for the heavy over exploitation of marine resources by foreign illegal fishing fleets, according to Sea Around Us.



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Re: Somalia loses $500 million annually to foreign illegal fishing

Post by AbyssiniaLady » 28 Jun 2021, 12:17

Somalis are so blessed and they don't even realize it.




European fishing companies deliberately get a fishing license from drug ravaged Seychelles, corrupt & poverty stricken Kenya, backward Tanzania, Madagascar, war torn beautiful Mozambique, sinking Maldives etc then go illegally fishing in the waters of Somalia because Somali waters are very productive, thanks to the Somali current creating an upwelling along the Somali coast. Thanks for this current, Somali waters are prime fishing grounds for highly migratory fish species such as swordfish, tuna and tuna like species

All of these countries (except African countries) are plundering Somalia's wealth of billions of dollars a year.

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Re: Somalia loses $500 million annually to foreign illegal fishing

Post by Somaliman » 28 Jun 2021, 15:42

Somalis are so blessed and they don't even realize it.



We realise it, but it's worth reminding that Somalia has been without a central government and institutions that are able to exert control all over the country for the past 30 years.


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Re: Somalia loses $500 million annually to foreign illegal fishing

Post by AbyssiniaLady » 05 Aug 2021, 16:49

Maritime Threats Converge in Somalia

By ADF Last updated Jul 28, 2021


Iranian fishermen crouch on the deck of their vessel after being detained for illegally fishing in Somali waters. REUTERS


Reading Time: 4 minutes

ADF STAFF

Just as one maritime security challenge in Somalia seemed all but resolved, another one gained momentum.

After years of declining pirate attacks off mainland Africa’s longest coastline, the country is now fighting to rid its water of illegal foreign trawlers. Experts fear Somalia is in the throes of a cycle of sea crime that threatens its food supply, economic stability and ecosystems.

Last year, officials discovered a massive fleet of Iranian fishing vessels engaging in illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing in Somali waters. Global Fishing Watch, a nonprofit organization that tracks fishing vessels, and Trygg Mat Tracking, a nonprofit research organization specializing in IUU fishing and other maritime crimes, tracked the ships.

The organizations’ data, gleaned by analyzing the vessels’ use of Automated Identification Systems, showed that 192 Iranian vessels were involved in IUU fishing in Somalia in 2019 and 2020. The foreign vessels typically trawled in waters reserved for local artisanal fishermen.

More than a dozen countries fish illegally in Somali waters. China has more than 30 vessels licensed to fish there for tuna but has also been found to engage in IUU fishing activities. According to the Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime (GIATOC), China is the world’s worst IUU offender.

Duncan Copeland, chief analyst at Trygg Mat Tracking, told the United Kingdom’s The Guardian that the scale of IUU fishing in Somalia is “staggering.”

“We are seeing such large numbers of vessels” Copeland told the newspaper. “It is beyond what any management plan can cope with. It’s way too much fishing effort for the region. It’s going to deplete stocks.”

Somalia’s nearly 3,400-kilometer coastline, which includes Gulf of Aden, Guardafui Channel and Western Indian Ocean waters, is extremely difficult to police.

Many foreign vessels in Somalia engage in the same illegal tactics used by foreign trawlers in other parts of Africa, such as using gillnets to catch fish off the ocean floor and tossing bycatch — unwanted dead fish — back into the sea. Those actions damage ecosystems and threaten the sustainability of valued species, including grouper, snapper, mackerel, shark and tuna.

That’s a concern because the United Nations has reported that an estimated 5.6 million Somalis face acute food insecurity.


Links to piracy

For years, maritime security experts have warned of a link between IUU fishing and piracy. This occurred in West Africa, where increasing pirate attacks in the Gulf of Guinea have coincided with a massive influx of illegal foreign trawlers, mostly Chinese, which are robbing the region of vital sources of food and income.

A report released last year by Secure Fisheries — an arm of One Earth Future, a U.S.-based nonprofit, nongovernmental organization — found that conflict between Somali fishermen and foreign fleets soared from 1998 to 2000.

The pirates struck with abandon in the 2000’s and early 2010s, launching hundreds of attacks on commercial ships, typically kidnapping crew members for ransom, Voice of America reported. When foreign navies began patrolling Somali waters more heavily, the threats declined. By 2016, the International Maritime Bureau recorded only two pirate attacks near Somalia, neither of which resulted in a hijacking.

But as piracy decreased, foreign fishing trawlers returned. Although pirate attacks remain extremely rare, observers worry about a resurgence. According to the GIATOC, Somali-based pirates cite the presence of foreign trawlers as justification for continued attacks.


A Somali pirate guards a Taiwanese fishing vessel that washed ashore after its crew was kidnapped for ransom. THE ASSOCIATED PRESS

The initiative also found that foreign fishing operations are frequently facilitated by Somali agents — often in cooperation with government or quasi-government actors, who provide fishing licenses, flag registrations, falsified export documentation and armed onboard security for a fee.

Shafi ‘I Hussein Muse, dean of the fishery department at Berbera Maritime and Fishery Academy in Somaliland, corroborated the GIATOC’s findings.

“Some of them are fishing without holding any fishing licenses, while others have managed to get licenses issued illegally by corrupt officials, mostly in the ministry of fisheries both at the state and federal levels,” Muse told Hakai magazine, an online publication that explores science, society and the environment from a coastal perspective.

To address maritime security issues, the GIATOC recommended that Somalia’s Financial Governance Committee establish meaningful checks and balances on the issuing of fishing licenses, flag registrations and other documentation and enforce legal consequences on government officials who have profited from IUU fishing schemes.

The initiative further recommended that the government improve maritime cooperation and share information with international partners, such as the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission, the European Union Naval Force and the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization.

In mid-July, Somalia’s Fishing Ministry drafted a law to standardize the regulation of fishing licenses, counter corruption and enhance environmental protection.

“We are also strengthening the intergovernmental coordination within our country and with other maritime agencies,” Mohamud Sheikh Abdullahi, Somalia’s director general of fisheries told Kenyan newspaper The Daily Nation. “The confusion caused is because of the new federal structure which, as you may know, has not yet been updated to determine where federal and state powers begin and end.”

The law is expected to be implemented after national elections conclude in October.

https://adf-magazine.com/2021/07/mariti ... in-somalia

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Re: Somalia loses $500 million annually to foreign illegal fishing

Post by AbyssiniaLady » 07 Aug 2021, 16:44

The Europeans, East Asian, South Asian and the Middle Easterners’s illegal fishing in the Somali waters which is home to more than seventy percent of the marine species of the entire Indian ocean represents one of the largest national security threats to Somalia, those countries have already over exploited fishing resources in their own polluted coastal regions, So their criminal fishing vessels are consistently encroaching on the sovereignty of Somalia.

But for the first time, East Asian vessels were intercepted by none other than Somali coast guards in Somali waters for illegal fishing, These Asian thieves come from a faraway lands, over eight thousand kilometers away, where there is no fish to steal Somalia marine resources, well done to Somali coast guards, protect your resources from bandits.

And don't blur their ugly faces.





In 2018, Somalia granted fishing licenses to 31 (now it is 51) Chinese vessels to exploit tuna and tuna-like species off its coast but on a daily basis hundreds of unlicensed Chinese fishing vessels enter Somali waters.

Chinese fishing vessel

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Re: Somalia loses $500 million annually to foreign illegal fishing

Post by AbyssiniaLady » 07 Aug 2021, 18:53

Some Somalis are too corrupt.





The blame shifting game goes around in circles, the European bandits love pointing their finger at poor Yemenis and Asians, Yemen doesn't have a large commercial fishing vesselss like European fishing vessels, the useless canadian report says nothing about European fishing fleets.

These small boats are Yemenis fishing vessels in Somalia.

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Re: Somalia loses $500 million annually to foreign illegal fishing

Post by AbyssiniaLady » 07 Aug 2021, 21:54

The Northeastern region is home to the richest fishing grounds in Somalia, due to the extensive length of its continental shelf and the fact that the region is located on an ecotone where the biosystems of the Indian Ocean meet.

The region’s bountiful fishing grounds make it particularly attractive to bottom-trawling vessels as well as gillnetters, which tend to congregate off the north-east corner of Puntland, near the towns of Alula, Hafun and Qandala and the Cape Guardafui headland. Trawling remains rampant off the Puntland coast, even though the practice is banned under both Puntland and Somali federal law due to the environmental destruction it entails

Somali call their northern waters Gulf of Berbera


Analysis of open-source Automatic Identification System (AIS) data, as well as synthetic-aperture radar imagery, reveals the extent to which Iranian fishing dhows are present in Puntland waters. The independent NGO Global Fishing Watch reported that between January 2019 and April 2020, a total of 112 Iranian fishing vessels were detected operating within Somalia’s EEZ.12 The actual number is likely much higher given that many dhows deactivate their AIS transponders while engaged in fishing operations in Somalia, a practice known as ‘running dark’. AIS transmissions from fishing gear markers attached to ‘dark’ vessels provide additional evidence of the prevalence of IUU fishing in Somali waters. For instance, in a June 2020 press release, the FGS Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources concluded that there were at least 192 Iranian vessels fishing illegally in Somali waters once AIS transmissions from fishing net markers were taken into account.

Iranian vessels transmitting on AIS – primarily originating from the ports of Konarak, Bandar-e Jask, Tiyab and Ramin – were observed inside the Somali EEZ for an aggregate total of 2 533 days between 1 January 2019 and 14 April 2020.14 The vessels were often present close to shore, well within the 24 nautical mile zone reserved for local fishermen under Somali law. The majority of these vessels employ the environmentally destructive fishing technique of gillnetting, which results in large bycatches, including of sharks and turtles; Global Fishing Watch’s research also indicated that vessels may routinely employ gear that exceeds 2.5 kilometres in length, contravening the limit mandated by the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC), a 31-member intergovernmental organization responsible for the management of tuna and tuna-like species.
Last edited by AbyssiniaLady on 09 Aug 2021, 14:23, edited 1 time in total.

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Re: Somalia loses $500 million annually to foreign illegal fishing

Post by AbyssiniaLady » 09 Aug 2021, 14:11

Iran possessing largest fishing fleet in western Indian Ocean Somali seas



Iranian terrorists are bragging about being thieves

Aug 2, 2021, 9:20 AM

Head of the Iran Fisheries Organization Nabiollah Khoonmirzaei told IRNA on Sunday that the organization has attached importance to the offshore fishing in order to secure food security.


According to the official, the total fishing in Iran stood at 514,000 tons in 2013, which increased to around 700,000 tons in 2020.


The Islamic Republic has taken effective steps in a bid to increase investment in fishing industry, so the amount has doubled in recent years, Khoonmirzaei noted.


The fishing industry has provided more than 140,000 people with job opportunities in Iran, he said, adding that these fishers are using over 11,000 fishing vessels.


Thanks to efforts made by the authorities in recent years, the per capita consumption of aquatic products have experienced a hike and reached 13.5 kilograms per annum, he stated.


Pointing to the high prices of fish and other aquatic foods in Iran, Khoonmirzaei said that the Fisheries Organization has put on agenda the production of Tilapia that provides low income people with the opportunity to consume aquatic foods as well.


The total fishery production increased from 885,000 tons in 2013 to more than 1,222,000 tons in 2020. The production of shrimp and sturgeon have improved, respectively, four and 12 times respectively in the mentioned period.
https://en.irna.ir/news/84423469/Iran-p ... dian-Ocean

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Re: Somalia loses $500 million annually to foreign illegal fishing

Post by AbyssiniaLady » 09 Aug 2021, 14:54

It seems like Somalia is being plundered than ever before by Iranian bandits!!


So far fifty two Iranian fishing vessels are registered under the Somali flag, The fifty two fishing vessels listed in the table were registered under the names of 43 owners – with no single individual owning more than three vessels, With agent fees typically amounting to between US$10 000 and US$15 000 per vessel over the period of a 45-day fishing licence, the annual illicit revenue generated by this licensing scheme would potentially total in the millions of dollars, According to Canadian analyst.


The fifty two Iranian fishing vessels that are now registered under the Somali flag.


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Re: Somalia loses $500 million annually to foreign illegal fishing

Post by AbyssiniaLady » 12 Aug 2021, 17:11

Iran has emerged as a significant exporter of frozen seafood and canned fish solely on the strength of stealing fish from Somalia coastline, Europeans, Asians and Iranian terrorists are obviously the biggest threat to food security in Somalia.




Canned fish export stands at $24m in a year

August 11, 2021 - 14:44 Economy

TEHRAN- Iran exported 6,210 tons of canned fish valued at $24 million in the past Iranian calendar year 1399 (ended on March 20), according to an official with Iran Fisheries Organization (IFO).

Isa Golshahi, IFO’s director-general for quality improvement, processing, and market development, said that the country’s canned fish export was 3,115 tons worth $15 million in year 1398.

Canned fish is exported from Iran, which can help factories, especially for those that use imported fish, the official said.

He said that Iran’s canned fish is mainly exported to Iraq, the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), Persian Gulf littoral states, and Armenia.

Fishery production has increased noticeably in Iran in recent years.

Enjoying high quality, Iran’s fishery products were sold easily in the export markets, and also some new export destinations welcomed these products in the past two years; as new markets including China, South Korea, and the Eurasian Union nations opened up for Iranian fishery products.

As announced by the head of Islamic Republic of Iran Customs Administration (IRICA), the value of Iran’s non-oil trade stood at $73 billion in the past year.

Mehdi Mir-Ashrafi also put the weight of non-oil trade at 146.4 million tons, and said that the figure shows a 25-million-ton annual decline, which is the result of sanctions and coronavirus pandemic.

https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/463959 ... -in-a-year

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