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Fiyameta
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Re: Tesfatsion a hero or Zero

Post by Fiyameta » 01 Oct 2020, 01:49

ትግራዮች እና የኤርትራ ብሄረ ትግርኛ ሁለቱ የተለያዩ ነገዶች/ብሔሮች ናቸው !



ቬሮኒካ መላኩ

ዛሬ ትግራዮች እና የኤርትራ ብሄረ ትግርኛዎች አንድ ቋንቋ ከመናገር ውጭ ምንም አይነት የተለየ ታሪካዊ ትስስር እንደሌላቸው ለማሳየት እወዳለሁ።

ትግራዮች በተለምዶ ትግሬዎች እየተባሉ ይጠራሉ። ይሄ ትግሬ የሚለው ስም ሌላ ኤርትራ እና ሱዳን ውስጥ ካለ ትግረ (ሐይሻ) በሚል ከሚጠራ ብሔር ጋር እንዳይመሳሰል ላስገነዝብ ወዳለሁ። ኢትዮጵያውያን ትግሬ እያልን የምንጠራቸው ባብዛኛው አሁን ትግራይ እየተባለ በሚጠራው ክልል ውስጥ በአደዋ፣ ሽሬ(ሽረ)፣ መቀሌ(መቐለ) የሚኖሩትን ትግርኛ ተናጋሪዎች ሲሆን አሁን ያሉት እነዚህ ከላይ በተጠቀሱት ቦታዎች የሚኖሩ ትግርኛ ተናጋሪዎች ራሳቸውን በክልላቸው ስም ትግራይ እንዲሁም ተጋሩ እያሉ መጥራትን ይመርጣሉ ። እኔም በዚህ ፁሑፍ ላይ መጠራት በፈለጉበት ስያሜ ትግራዮች እያልኩ እጠራቸዋለሁ።

ወደ ዋናው ነገራችን ስንመጣ ብዙ ወገኖች ትግራዮች እና የኤርትራ ብሄረ ትግርኛ አንድ አይነት ብሔር ይመስሉዋቸዋል። በመሰረቱ ግን ሁለቱ ፍፁም የተለያዩ ነገዶች ናቸው። ትግራዮች የኤርትራ ብሄረ ትግርኛን ትግራዮች ናቸው አንድ ብሔር ነን ብለው ያስባሉ። ብዙ ትግራዮችም ኤርትራዊ የመሆን ፍላጎት አላቸው። የባድመ ጦርነት ከመነሳቱ በፊት ብዙዎቹ ትግራዮች ራሳቸውን ኤርትራዊ እያሉ ይጠሩ ነበር። ከባድመ ጦርነት በሁዋላ እነዚህ ትግራዮች ከፍተኛ የሆነ የማንነት ቀውስ ውስጥ ገብተዋል። በተቃራኒው የኤርትራ ብሄረ ትግርኛዎች ስለ ትግራዮች ያላቸው ስሜት ምን እንደሆነ ሲጠየቁ ትግራዮች ወይም አጋሜዎች እያሉ ይጠሩዋቸዋል። (Hassan Adem, M.T., Tekle B, 2010) እነዚህ ኤርትራውያን ብሄረ ትግርኛዎች ትግራዮችን የማይታመኑ እና ልባቸው የማይገኝ አድርገው በአሉታዊ መንገድ ይስሉዋቸዋል። ”Eritreans sometimes contemptuously refer to them- cannot be trusted and never could.” (Smith,et al. 2003, Africa, volume 73, p.377) ።

በኤርትራውያን ብሄረ ትግርኛዎች ላይ በተደረገው በዚህ አንትሮፖሎጅካል ማህበራዊ ጥናት ላይ አንድ የ EPLF ታጋይ የነበረ ለፕሮፌሰር ሪድ ”አባቶቻችን እና ቅድመ አያቶቻችን እነዚህ ትግራዮች አደገኛ ናቸው በደንብ እናውቃቸዋለን ብለው አስጠንቅቀውናል” ብሎ ኤርትራውያን ነፃነታቸውን ባወጁበት ዓመተምህረት በአውሮፓ አቆጣጠር በ1991 ወይም በ1983 ኢ.አ ምስክርነት ሰጦ ነበር። “Be careful, these people are dangerous, we know them well!” (Smith,et al. 2003, Africa, volume 73, p.377 )



ብሄረ ትግርኛዎች ከትግሬዎች የተለየ ማንነት እንዳላቸው እያሳወቁ ትግሬዎች ብሔረ ትግርኛዎችን እንደራሳቸው ብሄር አድርገው ለምን ይቆጥሩዋቸዋል? ብሄረ ትግርኛዎች ኤርትራዊ የሚባል ሃገራዊ ማንነት ሲገነቡ ትግራዮች ከብሄረ ትግርኛዎች የተለየ ብሔራዊ ማንነት መገንባት ለምን ተሳናቸው? በትግራዮች ዘንድ የሚታየው የማንነት ቀውስ ምንጩ ምንድን ነው? ለመሆኑ ይህ የብሔረ ትግርኛዎች ለትግራዮች ያላቸው አሉታዊ አመለካከት እንዴት ሊመጣ ቻለ?

የነገድ ማንነት ትርጉም በተለያዩ የማህበራዊ ሳይንስ ተመራማሪዎች እና ፀሐፊዎች የተለያየ ፍች ይሰጠዋል። ነገድ ጎሳ እና ብሄር የሚሉት ቃላት ኢትዮጵያ ውስጥ አሁን ባለው ተቀራራቢ ፍች ነው ያላቸው። ብሔር ከሀገር ጋር ጎሳ ከቁዋንቁዋ ጋር ስለሚዛመዱ ethnicity ለሚለው የእንግሊዘኛ ቃል በጣም ተቀራራቢ የሆነው ቃል ነገድ የሚለው ስለሆነ ነገድ እያልኩ እጠቀማለሁ።

ማክስ ዌበር የነገድ ማንነትን ተመሳሳይ የሆነ ውጫዊ አቁዋም ወይም ልምድ ስላለን አንድ የጋራ የነገድ ምንጭ አለኝ ብሎ የማመን ግላዊ እሳቤ ነው ይለዋል። የአንድ ነገድ አባልነት እውነተኛ የደም ትስስር ቢኖረም ባይኖረም ዋና አላማው ፖለቲካዊ ቡድን ወይም ማህበረሰብ መፍጠር ነው ይላል።

  • “Those human groups that entertain a subjective belief in their common descent because of similarities of physical type or of customs or both, or because of memories of colonization and migration; this belief must be important for group formation; furthermore it does not matter whether an objective blood relationship exists…ethnic membership does not constitute a group; it only facilitates group formation of any kind, particularly in the political sphere. On the other hand it is primarily the political community, no matter how artificially organized, that inspires the belief in common ethnicity.” (1978, Max Weber, p. 389)




ፕሮፌሰር ጆሹዋ ደግሞ የነገድ ማንነት የሚወሰነው በዋናነት በስነልቦና ነው ይላል። አንድ ሰው የአንድ ነገድ አባል ነኝ ብሎ ራሱን ማሳመን እና መግለፅ ይኖርበታል ይላል።

  • The psychological dimension of ethnicity is perhaps the most important because, regardless of variations in the biological, cultural, and social domains, if a person self-identifies as a member of a particular ethnic group, then he or she is willing to be perceived and treated as a member of that group. Thus, self-ascribed and other-ascribed ethnic labels are the overt manifestations of individuals’ identification with a particular ethnicity. (2001, Joshua A. Fishman, p.115)


የነገድ ማንነት ከሃይማኖት ከቋንቋ እና ባህል ጋርም ይያያዛል። ግን በሃይማኖት እና ቋንቋ መቀራረብ አንድ የጋራ ነገድን አይፈጥርም። ለምሳሌ ጀርመኖች እና ኦስትርያዎች ተመሳሳይ ቋንቋ እና እምነት እንዲሁም ተቀራራቢ ባህል እና ወግ ቢኖራቸውም ራሳቸውን እንደ ሁለት የተለያዩ ነገዶች ነው የሚያዩት። ሁቱ፣ ቱትሲ እና ትዋ ሶስቱም ነገዶች ሩዋንዳ ሩንዲ የተባለ ተመሳሳይ የአፍ መፍቻ ቋንቋ ነው ያላቸው። ሃይማኖታቸውም ባመዛኙ ተመሳሳይ ካቶሊክ ነው። ባህላቸውም ተቀራራቢ የባንቱዎች ባህል ነው። ነገር ግን ራሳቸውን እንደተለያዩ ነገዶች ነው የሚቆጥሩት። በደቡብ ሱዳን ያሉ ዲንቃዎች ቋንቋ ብዙ አይነት አነጋገር ቢኖረውም አንድ ዲንቃ ነገድ ነን ነው የሚሉት። የኑዌሮች እና የሺልቆች (Shilluk) ቋንቋ በጣም ተመሳሳይ ቢሆንም ሁለቱ ራሳቸውን እንደተለያዩ ነገዶች ነው የሚያዩት።

ለብሄረ ትግርኛ ነገድ ትግርኛ የቋንቋቸው መጠሪያ እና የነገዳቸው መጠሪያ ስያሜ ምንጭ ነው።

  • ”In official papers distributed by the Eritrean Government, the ‘language’ (Tigrinya) is used as an ethnic term of the group” (1998, Kjetil Tronvoll, P. 30).ኤርትራ ውስጥ ያሉ ሌሎች ነገዶችም የቋንቋቸው ስም የነገዳቸው መጠሪያ ሁኑዋል። ”Nearly all the ethnic groups in Eritrea are also named after their language, including the Tigre, Kunama, Afar, Nara, Saho, Hedareb, and Bilen” (Hassan Adem, M.T., Tekle B, 2010)


ብዙ በዓለም ላይ ያሉ ነገዶች ስም እና ቋንቋ የተመሳሰለበት ግዜ አለ። አማራ እና አማርኛ ፣ ኦሮሞ እና ኦሮምኛ፣ እንግሊዝ እና እንግሊዘኛ፣ ፍሬንች እና ፈረንሳይኛ ወዘተረፈ። በ 1990ዎቹ በተደረገ ጥናት አብዛኛዎቹ የኤርትራ ብሄረ ትግርኛዎች ራሳቸውን የሚገልፁት ሐማሴን፣ አካለ ጉዛይ እና ሰራዬ በሚል ነበር።

  • “However, people from the highlands do not speak of themselves as “Tigrinyans.” When asked they would usually reply as did Tewolde, a 60-year old villager from Mai Weini: “Tigrinya is just the language, it is not the tribe (aliet). The tribe is Kebessa (highland). Or, when in the highlands, the tribe is Akele-Guzai, Seraye or Hamasien”( Kjetil Tronvoll, P. 30,1998 )”




የመጀመሪያው በትግርኛ የተፃፈ ፅሁፍ የተገኘው የአሁኗ ኤርትራ ውስጥ ሲሆን ትግርኛ ቋንቋ ሁለት አይነት የአነጋገር ዘየዎች አሉት። የአስመራ እና የትግራይ። የትግርኛ ቋንቋ መደባዊ ቋንቋ የአስመራ ዘዬ ነው። ሃማሴኖች በንጉስ ላሊበላ እና በአፄ ሰርፀ ድንግል ከወሎ እና ጎንደር በውትድርና የሄዱ እንደሆኑ ብዙ የታሪክ ድርሳናት ያትታሉ።

እንግዲህ በብሄረ ትግርኛ በትግራይ እና በትግረ መካከል ያለው ዝምድና ”ትግ” የምትለው ቃል ናት። ይህም እነዚህ ሶስት ህዝቦች ከዘመናት በፊት ከአንድ ተቀራራቢ የዘር ሐረግ መጠው ሊሆን ይችላሉ። ዳሩ ግን ከዘመናት በፊት ሁሉም የሰው ልጅ ከአንድ የዘር ግንድ እንደተነሳ ይታመናል። በዘመናት ሂደት ይህ አንድ የሰው ዘር በቦታ እና በአካባቢ ልዩነት የራሱን ቋንቋ እና ባህል እንዲሁም ነገድ ማህበራዊ ቡድን እየፈጠረ እንደመጣ ይታመናል።

ከእንግዲህ እነዚህ የኤርትራ ብሄረ ትግርኛዎች ራሳቸውን ከትግራዮች ጋር እንደ አንድ ነገድ የማያዩት ለምድን ነው? ምክንያቱም ተመሳሳይ የሆነ ስነልቦና እና አብሮ የመኖር ትስስር ስለሌላቸው ነው። ብሄረ ትግርኛዎች እና ትግራዮች ለዘመናት የተለያዩ ግዛቶች እንደነበሩ በታሪክ ተጠቅሱዋል። አብዛኛዎቹ ብሄረ ትግርኛዎች ጎንደሬዎች ቤጃዎች እና በለዎች እንደሆኑ በስፋት ተጠቅሱዋል።

  • “The 9th century Arab geographer Al-Ya’qubi wrote of six Beja kingdoms located in what is today Eritrea. Beja place names are found throughout the central and northern highlands of Eritrea, suggesting widespread Beja interaction with other communities (Schmidt, Curtis, Teka , p. 284, 2008)”




የኤርትራ ብሄረ ትግርኛ እና ትግራዮች ተቀራራቢ ቋንቋ ቢጠቀሙም የተለያዩ ሁለት ነገዶች መሆናቸውን በአካባቢው ጥናት ያደረጉ ተመራማሪዎች ፅፈዋል። ሮይ ፓተማን የኤርትራ ብሄረ ትግርኛ እና ትግራዮች ሁለቱ የተለያዩ ነገዶች መሆናቸውን እንዲህ አስቀምጦታል። አስትርያዎች ጀርመኖች እና የተወሰኑ ስዊዞች ጀርመንኛ ቢናገሩም ሁሉም የተለያዩ ህዝቦች እነሆኑት ሁሉ በኤርትራ ከፍታማ ቦታዎች የሚኖሩት እና ትግራዮች ከጥንት ጀምሮ የተለያዩ ነገዶች ናቸው ስል ፅፉዋል።

  • “Even in those distant times, however, it is clear that the land and people of highland Eritrea were distinct from people of Tigray, even though they spoke the same language-just as the Austrians, Swiss Germans and the Germans of today are very different people (Roy Pateman, P.33, 1998).”


ከላይ እንደገለፅኩት ሁቱ እና ቱትሲ ተመሳሳይ የአፍ መፍቻ ቋንቋ እና ተመሳሳይ ሃይማኖት ቢኖራቸውም ራሳቸውን እንደ ሁለት የተለያዩ ነገዶች ነው የሚቆጥሩት። ፖርቹጋላዊው ፍራንሲስኮ አልቫሬዝ በ 16ኛው ክፍለ ዘመን ወደ ምስራቅ አፍሪካ በመጣ ግዜ ያየውን እንዲህ ገልፁዋል።

  • ”ይህ መረብ የተባለው ወንዝ ባህረ ነጋሽ እና ትግራይን የሚለያይ ድንበር ነው” ”Here; this river, the Mareb, separates the country of the Bahar Nagash from that of Tigray” ( Francisco Alvarez al et , P. 91, 1540)።


ባለባበሳቸው እና በባህላቸውም የተለያዩ መሆናቸውን ገልፁዋል።

  • ”The men (of Medri-Bahri) wear different costumes; so also the women who are married or living with men. Here (Tigray), they wear wrapped round them dark coloured woolen stuffs, with large fringes of the same stuff, and they do not wear diadems on their heads like those of the Barnagasi (Midri-Bahri people)”. ( Francisco Alvarez, P. 91-2 ,1970)


ስኮትላንዳዊው ጀምስ ብሩስም ባህረ ነጋሽ የአሁኑ ኤርትራ ከትግራዮች የተለየ መሆኑን እና ድንበራቸው መረብ ወንዝ መሆኑን አስቀምጡዋል። በምዕራብም በኩል የትግራይ ድንበር ተከዜ ወንዝ እንደሆነ ቁልጭ አድርጎ አስቀምጡዋል። ትግራዮች ከብሄረ ትግራይ ጋር በታሪክ አብረው የኖሩበት ግዜ አልተመዘገበም። የአሁኖቹ አንዳንድ የትግራይ ምሁራን ከየት አምጥተው ነው ብሄረ ትግርኛን እና ትግራይን የለያየው ምንሊክ ነው የሚሉት? ከዚሁ ጋር በተያያዘ ወልቃይት ጠገዴ ጠለምት እና ታች አርማጭሆን አፄ ምንሊክ ነው ወደ ጎንደር ያስገቡት የሚሉት ሁሉ ውሸት መሆኑን የጀምስ ብሩስ ማስረጃ ያሳያል።

  • “The greatest length of Tigre (Tigray) is two hundred miles, and the greatest breadth one hundred and twenty. It lies between the territory of the BaharNagash (which reaches to the river Mareb) on the east, and the river Tacazze on the west.” ( James Bruce, p.83,1860)




በ 1838 ወደ አካባቢው ያቀናው አሳሽ ጆን ሚልስም የትግራይ እና የባህረ ነጋሽ ድንበር መረብ ወንዝ መሆኑን ቁልጭ አድርጎ አስቀምጡዋል። ”መረብ የትግራይ እና የባህረ ነጋሽ ግዛት ድንበር ነው”። እውነታው ይህ ሁኖ ሳለ የማንነት ቀውስ ያለባቸው አንዳንድ የትግራይ ልሂቃን በፈጠራ "እኛ እና ብሄረ ትግርኛ አንድ ነበርን ምንሊክ ነው የለያየን" የሚል የሐሰት ክስ ያቀርባሉ። እውነቱ ግን ምንሊክ ሳይወለድ በፊት ትግራይ እና ብሄረ ትግርኛ በአንድ ግዛት ኑረው አያውቁም። አንድ ነገድ ሁነውም አያውቁም።

  • “the Mareb, which forms the boundary between Tigre (sic, Tigray) and the Kingdom of Baharnagash.” ( John R. Miles, P. 131,1846)

በ19ኛው ክፍለ ዘመን ወደ አካባቢው ያቀናው እንግሊዛዊው ፕሎውደን “ትግራዮች የኤርትራ ብሄረ ትግርኛን እንደ ራሳቸው ነገድ አያዩትም ነበር ሲል ቁልጭ አድርጎ አስፍሩዋል።” ከራስ ሚካኤል ግዜ ጀምሮ የሐማሴን እና ሰራዬ ሕዝብ ከትግራዮች ጋር ተመሳሳይ ቋንቋ ቢናገሩም ትግራዮች በየኤርትራ ብሄረ ትግርኛ ላይ ተደጋጋሚ ጦርነት ያደረጉባቸው ሲሆን አንድ ነን ብለውም አያስቡም”

  • “The people of Hamazain and Serowee, since the time of Ras Michael, though speaking the same language, are still scarcely (hardly) considered by the people of Teegray as a portion of that country whose governors, since that period, have made war on them….” (Walter Chichele Plowden, P. 39, 1868)




ከእንግሊዝ ጋር ተዋውለው የእንግሊዝን ጦር አቅጣጫ እየጠቆሙ በትግራይ በኩል በማስገባት የባንዳነት ሥራ የሰሩት እና በመቅደላው ጦርነት አፄ ቴዎድሮስ እጅ አልሰጥም ብለው ራሳቸውን ከሰዉ በሁዋላ በእንግሊዞች መሳሪያ እርዳታ ስልጣን የያዙት ብዝብዝ ካሳ ወይም አፄ ዮሐንስ ወደ ባህረ ነጋሽ ጦራቸውን ልከው ከፍተኛ ጭፍጨፋ መፈፀማቸው ይታወቃል። በወሎ እና ጎጃም ሕዝብ ላይ የጅምላ ፍጅት የፈፀሙት በዝብዝ ካሳ ወደ ኤርትራም ራስ አሉላን ልከው ሁለት ሶስተኛ የሚሆነውን የባህረ ነጋሽ ሕዝብ ጨፍጭፈዋል። (, Lyda Favali and Roy Pateman, p. 36, 2003 ) (, Hagai, and Erlikh, p.35, 1996) (Hassan Adem, M.T., Tekle B, 2010)

አፄ ዮሐንስ አደዋ ላይ ከእንግሊዙ አድሚራል ሂወት ጋር በተዋዋሉት በሕወቴ ውል (Hewett Treaty) መሰረት ለእንግሊዞች አግዘው በመሰለፋቸው ድርቡሾች መተማ ላይ በተደረገ ጦርነት ገለው አንገታቸውን ወስደውታል። አፄ ዮሐንስ ከሞቱ በሁዋላ ራስ አሉላ በምንሊክ ከመገዛት ነፃ የትግራይ መንግስት ለማቋቋም ለጣልያኖች ከመረብ ማዶ ያለውን ባህረ ነጋሽ እንዲወስዱ ስምምነት ማድረጋቸውን የታሪክ ፕሮፌሰር ጌታቸው መታፈሪያ እና የፖለቲካ ሳይንስ ፕሮፌሰር ጳውሎስ ሚክያስ The Battle of Adwa: Reflections on Ethiopia’s Historic Victory Against European Colonialism በተባለው መፃህፋቸው አስፍረዋል። (Milkias, Metaferia, p.69, 2005)


ትግራዮች የኤርትራ ብሄረ ትግርኛን እንደራሳቸው አንድ ነገድ አድርገው እንደማያዩ ራስ አሉላ ከዚህ በታች ለጣልያኖች ያቀረቡት የድርድር ሃሳብ ፍንትው አድርጎ ያሳያል።

”ቤታችሁን ለመስራት እርሻ ለማረስ ቤተክስርስቲያናችሁን ለመገንባት እስከ መረብ ድረስ ሀገር ከፈለጋችሁ ምኒልክ ሳይሆን እኛ ለናንተ እንሰጣችሁዋለን። የጣሊያን ወታደሮች ወደ አድዋ ይምጡ እንደ ወዳጅ አስተናግዳቸዋለሁ” “You want the country to the Mareb (Eritrean highlands/Medri Bahri) to cultivate your gardens, to build your houses, to construct your churches….? We can give it to you. [And not menilek.] Let the Italian soldiers come to Adwa, I shall come to meet them like a friend.” (1996, Ḥagai Erlikh, P. 164)

ራስ አሉላ እና ሌሎች የ 19ኛው ክፍለ ዘመን የትግራይ መሳፍንት ሙሉ በሙሉ ባህረ ነጋሽን ጣሊያኖች እንዲጠቀሙ ነበር የተስማሙት። የኤርትራ ብሄረ ትግርኛዎችን እንደ ራሳቸው ነገድ ቆጥረዋቸው አያውቁም።

” እናንት ጣሊያናውያን ለምን እሩቅ ወዳጅ ትፈልጋላችሁ? እኛ ጎረቤታሞች ነን እርስ በርስ መጠቃቀም እንችላለን። መንገድ እንዲከፈትላችሁ ትፈልጋላችሁ እኔም እፈልጋለሁ። እናንተ እስከ መረብ ድረስ ያለውን ጠብቁ እኔም አስቀ ጎንደር እና ከጎንደርም አልፎ ያለውን እጠብቃለሁ። በእግዚአብሔር እርዳታ ሀገራችንን ትግራይ ለማልማት ወደ ባህሩ ዳርቻ ድረስ በመሄድ መነገድ አለብን። ምኒልክ ሩቅ ነው ለናንተ የሚጠቅማችሁ ነገር የለም። በመካከላችን ወዳጅነት እንመስርት” (ራስ አሉላ)

  • “And you (Italians), why do you need to look for distant friends? We are neighbors (meaning Medri Bahri and Tigray) and can serve each other. You want the road to be open and I want the road to be open. You should guard to the Mereb River and I will guard it to Gondar and even beyond Gondar. We must be able to go to the coast to trade in order that our country (meaning Tigray) would flourish, with the help of God, Menelik is too far to be of any use to you. Let us make friendship between us. (1996, Ḥagai Erlikh, 164)”




አሁን ከምኒልክ በሁዋላ ባሉት 100 አመታት ያለውን እንኩዋ ብናይ ትግራይ እና የኤርትራ ብሄረ ትግርኛ አንድ ነገድ ሁነው አያውቁም። የኤርትራ ብሄረ ትግርኛዎች ትግራዮችን ኢትዮጵያ ውስጥ ካሉ ነገዶች ሁሉ እንደ ዝቅተኛ እና ተንኮለኛ አድርገው ነው የሚያዩዋቸው። ከባድመ ጦርነት በፊት ብዛት ያላቸው ትግራዮች በተለያዩ የጉልበት እና የቤት ሰራተኝነት ስራዎች ላይ ተሰማርተው ኤርትራ ውስጥ በሚሰሩበት ጊዜ የኤርትራ ብሄረ ትግርኛዎች ትግራዮችን እንደ አንድ የራሳቸው ነገድ አይተዋቸው አያውቁም። በመሰረቱ የኤርትራ ብሄረ ትግርኛዎች የነፃነት ትግል ባደረጉበት ግዜም በኤርትራ ሃገራዊ ማንነት ላይ የታገሉ ሲሆን ትግራዮች ደግሞ በነገዳቸው ስም ነው የታገሉት። ሁለቱ አንድ ነገድ ቢሆኑ ኑሮ ከደርግ ውድቀት ማግስት የራሳቸውን አንድ ሀገር ለመገንባት የሚያግዳቸው አካል አልነበረም። እውነቱ ግን የኤርትራ ብሄረ ትግርኛዎች ትግራዮችን እንደ አንድ ነገድ አይተዋቸው አያውቁም። ደርግን ለመጣል ስልታዊ ትብብር ከማድረግ ያለፈ ምንም አይነት የተለየ ግንኙነት የላቸውም። የኤርትራ ብሄረ ትግርኞች በነገዳቸው ላይ ያነጣጠረ ጥቃት ስላልደረሰባቸው እና አሁን ያለውን የኤርትራ ሃገራዊ ማንነት በመገንባት ሂደት ጉልህ ሚና ስለተጫወቱ ወደ ብሄረ ትግርኛ የነገድ ማንነታቸው የሚያስገባ ምንም አይነት ምክንያት የለም። አሁን ኤርትራ ውስጥ አለ የሚባለውም አምባገነናዊ አስተዳደር እንጂ ብሄርተኛ ወይም በነገድ ላይ ያነጣጠረ ጥቃት የሚፈፅም ስርዓት አይደለም።




የትግራይ ብሄርተኞች አሁን ከገቡበት የፖለቲካ አጣብቂኝ ለመውጣት የሌለ ትግራይ ትግርኛ የሚባል ማንነት ለመፍጠር ቢሞክሩም መሬት ላይ ያለው እውነት ግን ”ልቢ ትግራይ” ነው የሚለው። የትግራይ ብሄርተኞች በምስራቅ አፍሪካ ከታሪክ አንፃር፣ አብሮ ከመኖር (በክፉም በደጉም)፣ ከባህል እና ከስነልቦና አንፃር ከማንም በላይ የሚቀርባቸው እና የተዛመዳቸው የአማራ ሕዝብ ላይ በወልቃይት በወሎ እና በመላው የሀገሪቱ ክፍሎች ጦርነት ሲያውጁበት እና ታይቶም ተሰምቶም የማይታወቅ ግፍ ሲፈፅሙበት ያኔ ነው በምስራቅ አፍሪካ እና በዓለም ላይ ያላቸውን አጋር ሕዝብ ያጡት። ያኔ ነው ለልጅ ልጅ የሚተላለፍ ጥል ቁርሾ እና ቂም የተከሉት። :idea:







kerenite
Member
Posts: 4465
Joined: 16 Nov 2013, 13:15

Re: Tesfatsion a hero or Zero

Post by kerenite » 01 Oct 2020, 12:20

Deqi-Arawit wrote:
30 Sep 2020, 23:18
Please wait, video is loading...
This is rich coming from a jeberti, given the jeberti feel the pain of the arabs as their own. And here they are advising us to cut any kind of relationship with the People who have not only historical relationship but also linguistic and cultural relationship. The question is why 🙄. Hardliner, jeberti lawyer should answer this question
Deqi,

You are smarter than that. Do you have any proof that he is an eri-jeberti?

Any eri who holds a muslim name is a jeberti. Is that what you are trying to say?

Come on!!!!

I ain't a jeberti but I wholeheartedly concur with his reasonable statement.

Myself same as other lowlanders are facing a dangerous trend from tigryans and few eritreans posing as agazians.They are bluntly telling us that we have to pay extra taxes for being allowed to live in agazian land. Does that make sense to you?

Mind you those lowlanders are living in their ancestral lands since time immemorial and now a certain nefaT or niftam posing as agazian shows up and warns them to pay extra taxes or else (warning lol) hiding behind a computer and staged in a basement somewhere in london such as the SOB tesfatsion or letetsion who is a newcomer to eritrea along with the alula militias and wants to revive the so-called axumite kingdom.

I challenge him and his apostles to visit lowland eritrea and utter words such as...pay extra taxes...revive axumite kingdom...you are guests this is agazian land...tigray-tigrigni is our motto..wezete..believe me it will be the end of their life and they will end up looking same as their headless king aka warlord kahsay mircha.


Finally, I totally agree with the statement of the eri brother on the clip.

P.S. A tip, those who bash our eri-jeberti brothers hiding behind mama astobia's skirt are talking to themselves only. There is no Jeberti here at mereja to defend his tribe but they have websites, they are reachable and they are one click away.

Deqi-Arawit
Senior Member
Posts: 13781
Joined: 29 Mar 2009, 11:10
Location: Bujumbura Brundi

Re: Tesfatsion a hero or Zero

Post by Deqi-Arawit » 01 Oct 2020, 14:24

kerenite wrote:
01 Oct 2020, 12:20
Deqi-Arawit wrote:
30 Sep 2020, 23:18
Please wait, video is loading...
This is rich coming from a jeberti, given the jeberti feel the pain of the arabs as their own. And here they are advising us to cut any kind of relationship with the People who have not only historical relationship but also linguistic and cultural relationship. The question is why 🙄. Hardliner, jeberti lawyer should answer this question
Deqi,

You are smarter than that. Do you have any proof that he is an eri-jeberti?

Any eri who holds a muslim name is a jeberti. Is that what you are trying to say?

Come on!!!!

I ain't a jeberti but I wholeheartedly concur with his reasonable statement.

Myself same as other lowlanders are facing a dangerous trend from tigryans and few eritreans posing as agazians.They are bluntly telling us that we have to pay extra taxes for being allowed to live in agazian land. Does that make sense to you?

Mind you those lowlanders are living in their ancestral lands since time immemorial and now a certain nefaT or niftam posing as agazian shows up and warns them to pay extra taxes or else (warning lol) hiding behind a computer and staged in a basement somewhere in london such as the SOB tesfatsion or letetsion who is a newcomer to eritrea along with the alula militias and wants to revive the so-called axumite kingdom.

I challenge him and his apostles to visit lowland eritrea and utter words such as...pay extra taxes...revive axumite kingdom...you are guests this is agazian land...tigray-tigrigni is our motto..wezete..believe me it will be the end of their life and they will end up looking same as their headless king aka warlord kahsay mircha.


Finally, I totally agree with the statement of the eri brother on the clip.

P.S. A tip, those who bash our eri-jeberti brothers hiding behind mama astobia's skirt are talking to themselves only. There is no Jeberti here at mereja to defend his tribe but they have websites, they are reachable and they are one click away.
Kerenite. Can you establish a modern country on which the law is interrupt differently and on which some people pay extra taxes than the others? Men iyu KemUu elu? Bring me the person who said that? The idea of the agaazian movement is majority rule minority right no more no less. and you can also forget the non sense of Tesfatsion on which he propagate to bring 4 million Tigrians to Eritrea.

Btw....There is a difference between bona fide Eritrean muslims and the jeberti. Take a close at the discussion between two individuals from Bilen and you will get the picture of the main objective of the jeberti. We don't say Jeberti በላዕቲ ክልተ ጻሕሊ for no reason.
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Deqi-Arawit
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Re: Tesfatsion a hero or Zero

Post by Deqi-Arawit » 01 Oct 2020, 15:21

This is a question to kernite, Lets say I come home to your house as a guest, Do I have right to rearrange your furniture and punish your children and demand how your house should be managed? .The answer is no!.. But here is the audacity!
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( ͡° ͜ʖ ͡°)
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Re: Tesfatsion a hero or Zero

Post by ( ͡° ͜ʖ ͡°) » 01 Oct 2020, 16:48

:lol: :lol: :lol: :lol:

kerenite
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Re: Tesfatsion a hero or Zero

Post by kerenite » 02 Oct 2020, 11:55

Deqi-Arawit wrote:
01 Oct 2020, 15:21
This is a question to kernite, Lets say I come home to your house as a guest, Do I have right to rearrange your furniture and punish your children and demand how your house should be managed? .The answer is no!.. But here is the audacity!
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And this is my response to you Deqi,

All jebertis are not newcomers to Eritrea of course there are some who arrived in ertitrea from tigray being victims of kahsay mircha's atrocities and they sought asylum in the gindaA area and which was administered by the then Naib of massawa. BTW according to a contemporary italian journalist their number was 80 families and most of them remained in eritrea and some returned back to tigray after the death of kahsay mircha.

Likewise there are jebertis who have been living in Seraye since the era of ahmed gragn. Some of ahmed gragn's soldiers remained behind after gragn left the area. No wonder, in Seraye villages you find somali names such as inda Iwale or inda FaraH or inda Bele or inda Hirsi etc..they are all somali names and those extended familes (they are many) attribute their ancestry to ahmed gragn soldiers.

Yes there are jeberti newcomers from tigray and there are jebertis who have been living in eritrea since the first half of the 16th century.

Now, let's be honest here, you are telling me that the jebertis have no rights to indulge on eritrean affairs while they hail from tigray.

My question, what about Issu the great, hagos kisha and yemane monkey and as proven beyond a shroud of doubt that they are all deQi 40 and they hail from tigray? Aren't they the ones who are ruling eritrea? Or is there 2 types of deQi 40?

Deqi-Arawit
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Re: Tesfatsion a hero or Zero

Post by Deqi-Arawit » 02 Oct 2020, 14:31

kerenite wrote:
02 Oct 2020, 11:55
Deqi-Arawit wrote:
01 Oct 2020, 15:21
This is a question to kernite, Lets say I come home to your house as a guest, Do I have right to rearrange your furniture and punish your children and demand how your house should be managed? .The answer is no!.. But here is the audacity!
Please wait, video is loading...
And this is my response to you Deqi,

All jebertis are not newcomers to Eritrea of course there are some who arrived in ertitrea from tigray being victims of kahsay mircha's atrocities and they sought asylum in the gindaA area and which was administered by the then Naib of massawa. BTW according to a contemporary italian journalist their number was 80 families and most of them remained in eritrea and some returned back to tigray after the death of kahsay mircha.

Likewise there are jebertis who have been living in Seraye since the era of ahmed gragn. Some of ahmed gragn's soldiers remained behind after gragn left the area. No wonder, in Seraye villages you find somali names such as inda Iwale or inda FaraH or inda Bele or inda Hirsi etc..they are all somali names and those extended familes (they are many) attribute their ancestry to ahmed gragn soldiers.

Yes there are jeberti newcomers from tigray and there are jebertis who have been living in eritrea since the first half of the 16th century.

Now, let's be honest here, you are telling me that the jebertis have no rights to indulge on eritrean affairs while they hail from tigray.

My question, what about Issu the great, hagos kisha and yemane monkey and as proven beyond a shroud of doubt that they are all deQi 40 and they hail from tigray? Aren't they the ones who are ruling eritrea? Or is there 2 types of deQi 40?
It has nothing to with their religion affiliation but loyalty to the country and people. If my heart and mind is in Turkey, Egypt or Palestine while my physical self is in Eritrea, I can't claim that I am an Eritrean. In regard to those so called Deqi-40, they are more patriots than bona fide Eritreans, In fact, if some one is half Tigrian or whose forefathers are Deqi40, he is extremely nationalist because he feels that he has to prove some thing. His heart is not in Armenia, Russia, Serbia or Romania not even his forefathers plot of land in Tigray but in Eritrea.
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Deqi-Arawit
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Re: Tesfatsion a hero or Zero

Post by Deqi-Arawit » 02 Oct 2020, 14:51

The New Generation
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( ͡° ͜ʖ ͡°)
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Re: Tesfatsion a hero or Zero

Post by ( ͡° ͜ʖ ͡°) » 02 Oct 2020, 15:07



Forced to flee to Mekelle with tail between his skinny agame legs, and his TPLF bosses placed under permanent quarantine at the Axum Hotel, the agame thief Deqi-Arawit is desperately trying to escape the wrath of the Ethiopian people by raising his "Abay Tigray Republic" agenda as his coffin is lowered into his grave. Can you guess which one of the people attending the secret meeting below is the agame Deqi-Arawit? :lol: :lol: :lol:









African Aids Action founder Eyob Sellassie found guilty of £100,000 Gift Aid scam

17 September 2014 by Andy Ricketts

A jury at the Old Bailey finds Sellassie guilty of two counts of fraud by false representation


Eyob Sellassie , also known as Tesfasion Agazian



The founder of the now-defunct charity African Aids Action has been found guilty of a £100,000 Gift Aid scam.

A jury at the Old Bailey in London yesterday found Eyob Sellassie, 45, of Rainham in Essex, guilty of two counts of fraud by false representation.

The court found that Sellassie had invented more than £415,000 of bogus donations to the charity in order to claim Gift Aid payments of more than £100,000.

Sellassie was the founder and chair of the charity, which registered with the commission in 2001 and had objects of the "relief of sickness of people suffering from HIV" in Africa, the Caribbean and elsewhere.

The court found he had used the details of more than 1,000 people bought from a marketing agency as part of the scam.

Investigators found that some of the people who supposedly donated were dead, while others said they had not given money to Sellassie's charity.

Sellassie claimed £104,008.25 in Gift Aid tax relief in two claims made in June last year. A successful claim for £150 in Gift Aid was processed by HM Revenue & Customs in May 2013, but suspicions were raised when the charity claimed to have had a huge spike in donations just a month later.

The prosecutor, William Hays, said that when Sellassie was arrested and interviewed in September last year, he blamed a lodger called Tesfai Teckle.

"I did not claim them and had no knowledge the claims had been made," he told the investigator, Janet Callanan. "The claims were submitted by Tesfai Teckle, who used to live with me."

Sellassie said he argued with his flatmate and called HMRC to withdraw the claims that had been made.

Callanan said she could find no trace of Teckle at Sellassie's home in Rainham, Essex, or anyone of that name connected to the charity.

"I asked him who is this person, what were the connections he had to the charity, and I said to Mr Sellassie that if someone was blaming me for fraud, I would certainly be more than willing to give HMRC their names, addresses, and details," she said.

"I asked for his whereabouts or if he had left the country, and I think I asked about a description, but all I got was no comment."

A database of 5,000 names supplied by a marketing data firm was recovered from Sellassie's home, which was also the registered address of African Aids Action.

The charity was removed from the Charity Commission's register on 7 September last year, three days after Sellassie was arrested, the court heard.

The judge, Recorder Sallie Bennett-Jenkins QC, adjourned sentencing until 10 October so that a probation report on Sellassie could be completed. She told him: "You have now been convicted by this jury of two counts of fraud by false representation, which concerned a substantial amount of money.

"I am only just persuaded to order a pre-sentence report in your case because you are a man of previous good character and relatively mature years.

"I want to make it clear that the ordering of that report is in no way indicative of the sentence I will pass: all sentencing options are open."

African Aids Action was at the centre of a dispute between the commission and one of its former case workers, David Orbison, over the regulator’s actions towards the charity.

Orbison, who was asked to investigate the charity by the commission, made a complaint under the Public Interest Disclosure Act that the regulator was breaching its statutory duty by failing to take sufficiently robust action against the charity.

He subsequently resigned from the commission and brought a case against it at the employment tribunal for claims including constructive dismissal and discrimination.

The regulator won three out of the four claims in 2012 and the fourth earlier this year after an appeal.

Orbison told Third Sector today that the verdict on the Sellassie case vindicated his concerns about the charity and called for an independent investigation into the regulator’s handling of the case.

"In February 2009 I found evidence of fraud and that this was a sham charity, and recommended that it be shut down," he said. "Senior management intervened and gave the charity ‘advice and guidance’. I blew the whistle over this, but an internal investigation concluded that all was well and that I was wrong.

"The commission has spent nearly £200,000 rubbishing my concerns and defending the employment tribunal claim, and now the state has had to fund a further expensive trial in the Old Bailey.

"They claimed that I was obsessed, wrong and had acted entirely in bad faith."

https://www.thirdsector.co.uk/african-a ... le/1312608

Last edited by ( ͡° ͜ʖ ͡°) on 03 Oct 2020, 18:45, edited 1 time in total.

Deqi-Arawit
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Re: Tesfatsion a hero or Zero

Post by Deqi-Arawit » 03 Oct 2020, 07:39

ን ቋንቋ ትግራይት ዝዓቀቡ ግእዛውያን ኣቦታትና ኣቦታት መንሳዕ።

Deqi-Arawit
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Re: Tesfatsion a hero or Zero

Post by Deqi-Arawit » 03 Oct 2020, 07:49












Deqi-Arawit
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Re: Tesfatsion a hero or Zero

Post by Deqi-Arawit » 03 Oct 2020, 15:59

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Re: Tesfatsion a hero or Zero

Post by Deqi-Arawit » 04 Oct 2020, 11:10

The Alcoholic junk explanation to build a new national Eritrean identity and introduce social engineering to achieve it.
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Re: Tesfatsion a hero or Zero

Post by Deqi-Arawit » 04 Oct 2020, 12:14

People who sold their soul for the sake of one two Qershi.

Too many opportunist Sheramut among our midst who don't hesitate to sell their soul for the sake of personal gain. Their top leader is Ghirmay Kidane, Wedi Philipo, Dr Bereket Habteselasie, Tesfay Temnewo, Andeberhan Weldegergish, And the useful idiot, Kiros Asfeha. Wedi philiopo took his arse kisssing endeavor to another level by writing a book that the jeberti are nation.




Deqi-Arawit
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Re: Tesfatsion a hero or Zero

Post by Deqi-Arawit » 04 Oct 2020, 21:15



Another jeberti condom is exposed. They were the who used to feed him with lies that, the dictator was hospitalized in Saudi Arabia

.


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Re: Tesfatsion a hero or Zero

Post by kerenite » 05 Oct 2020, 13:28

Deqi-Arawit wrote:
04 Oct 2020, 12:14
People who sold their soul for the sake of one two Qershi.

Too many opportunist Sheramut among our midst who don't hesitate to sell their soul for the sake of personal gain. Their top leader is Ghirmay Kidane, Wedi Philipo, Dr Bereket Habteselasie, Tesfay Temnewo, Andeberhan Weldegergish, And the useful idiot, Kiros Asfeha. Wedi philiopo took his arse kisssing endeavor to another level by writing a book that the jeberti are nation.



Man! You harbor so much deep-rooted hatred towards eri-jebertis. Is it personal?

Even our great talented artist girmay kidane (wedi phillipo) RIP is not spared from your bashing.

Wedi phillipo was known for his selflessness. Do you recall the famous song "DEHAN KUNI ABASHAWEL" and which was song by the artist Alamin abdullatif RIP?

The lyrics and the music were composed by wedi phillipo and he allowed alamin to sing it albeit he himself possessed one of the best voices.

He said "daHan nisikha tefeletella"

An addendum, wedi phillipo passed away few years ago in Milan, Italy.

This reminds me of a good amhara adage which goes:

ZIMOTE AYIKESESIM or something like that.

P.S. brother Eripoblican if you are around, or any eri-brother can you share with us the lovely song "DeHan kuni abashawel" sang by alamin abdullettif.

Thanks in advance.

Deqi-Arawit
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Re: Tesfatsion a hero or Zero

Post by Deqi-Arawit » 05 Oct 2020, 20:17

kerenite wrote:
05 Oct 2020, 13:28
Deqi-Arawit wrote:
04 Oct 2020, 12:14
People who sold their soul for the sake of one two Qershi.

Too many opportunist Sheramut among our midst who don't hesitate to sell their soul for the sake of personal gain. Their top leader is Ghirmay Kidane, Wedi Philipo, Dr Bereket Habteselasie, Tesfay Temnewo, Andeberhan Weldegergish, And the useful idiot, Kiros Asfeha. Wedi philiopo took his arse kisssing endeavor to another level by writing a book that the jeberti are nation.



Man! You harbor so much deep-rooted hatred towards eri-jebertis. Is it personal?

Even our great talented artist girmay kidane (wedi phillipo) RIP is not spared from your bashing.

Wedi phillipo was known for his selflessness. Do you recall the famous song "DEHAN KUNI ABASHAWEL" and which was song by the artist Alamin abdullatif RIP?

The lyrics and the music were composed by wedi phillipo and he allowed alamin to sing it albeit he himself possessed one of the best voices.

He said "daHan nisikha tefeletella"

An addendum, wedi phillipo passed away few years ago in Milan, Italy.

This reminds me of a good amhara adage which goes:

ZIMOTE AYIKESESIM or something like that.

P.S. brother Eripoblican if you are around, or any eri-brother can you share with us the lovely song "DeHan kuni abashawel" sang by alamin abdullettif.

Thanks in advance.
Kerenite
What are the criteria to be filled to be recognized as nation or behere? The Mensaa are proud tigrayet despite they adhere to the Christian faith, and the Egyptian coptic never see themselves differenly than their Muslim egyptians, hence what made wedi philipo to write that the jeberti are behere? Unless he was a sell out... And We have too many sell out among us
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ስነ ሞገት ደናቁር
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Who are immigrants and who are bona fide?

Zack
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Re: Tesfatsion a hero or Zero

Post by Zack » 06 Oct 2020, 12:51

What's the percentage of jebertis with in kebessa. I think they are very small in reality. 5 to ten percent maybe. Are jebertis loyal to tigray and Ethiopia. They fled from tigray because you are not allowed to build a mosque in axum. Eritrea is more friendly to Muslims.

Dr Zackovich

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Re: Tesfatsion a hero or Zero

Post by Deqi-Arawit » 15 Oct 2020, 05:32

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It is only through social Engineering, nation building and a new national identity could be acheived claimed the prime stooge of wedi medhin berad.

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Re: Tesfatsion a hero or Zero

Post by ( ͡° ͜ʖ ͡°) » 15 Oct 2020, 07:59

Agame Deqi-Arawit, which one is you in the photo below? :P :P :P





This agame woman calls herself an "Eritrean opposition", but we all know she is a loser Weyane from Adwa just like Deqi-Arawit. :lol: :lol:

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