https://allafrica.com/stories/201910160527.htmlRwanda: Has Paul Kagame Flown Too High?
11 OCTOBER 2019 Institute for Security Studies (Tshwane/Pretoria)
ANALYSIS By Peter Fabricius
Rwanda's President Paul Kagame has been flying high for a while. His reputation - mainly international though he wields some continental clout - has been growing. Through skilful diplomacy, he has established himself in the eyes of the wider world at least, as an African leader to be reckoned with.
He gets invited to prestigious international gatherings like Davos. Last year he buried the hatchet with France about its support for Rwanda's genocidal Hutu government in 1994. And next year Kagame will consolidate his already good standing with the Anglo world by hosting the Commonwealth heads of state summit.
In Africa his reputation has been a lot more mixed. Kagame has aspired to continental leadership and has achieved some, taking charge of the successful drive to get the African Continental Free Trade Agreement signed in record time. But it is mainly his achievements on the wider stage that have left other African governments perplexed, annoyed and often rather envious...
-
- Senior Member+
- Posts: 30273
- Joined: 07 Aug 2010, 00:35
Nothing irritates Ugum shabo more than Rwanda aka Singapore of Africa
Ugum shabo, don't worry. Kagame is just much more sophisticated tyrant than your Agame.
-
- Member+
- Posts: 8538
- Joined: 19 Jun 2019, 21:45
Re: Nothing irritates Ugum shabo more than Rwanda aka Singapore of Africa
HAHAHAHA My Weyane brother Awash, you are so funny. I love how you silence the Wesf'aatam Eritreans by shining a light on Rwanda. They can no longer say that our country Tigray, that is bigger in size than Rwanda, is not viable to be a stand-alone independent nation. Yes we can! Once we Weyane digitally remove dictator Issayas from power, we will make our country Tigray the Singapore of Africa. Guaranteed! Yes we can!
-
- Senior Member+
- Posts: 30273
- Joined: 07 Aug 2010, 00:35
Re: Nothing irritates Ugum shabo more than Rwanda aka Singapore of Africa
Ugum shabo, don't worry. Kagame is just a much more sophisticated tyrant than your Agame.
https://allafrica.com/stories/201910160527.htmlRwanda: Has Paul Kagame Flown Too High?
11 OCTOBER 2019 Institute for Security Studies (Tshwane/Pretoria)
ANALYSIS By Peter Fabricius
Rwanda's President Paul Kagame has been flying high for a while. His reputation - mainly international though he wields some continental clout - has been growing. Through skilful diplomacy, he has established himself in the eyes of the wider world at least, as an African leader to be reckoned with.
He gets invited to prestigious international gatherings like Davos. Last year he buried the hatchet with France about its support for Rwanda's genocidal Hutu government in 1994. And next year Kagame will consolidate his already good standing with the Anglo world by hosting the Commonwealth heads of state summit.
In Africa his reputation has been a lot more mixed. Kagame has aspired to continental leadership and has achieved some, taking charge of the successful drive to get the African Continental Free Trade Agreement signed in record time. But it is mainly his achievements on the wider stage that have left other African governments perplexed, annoyed and often rather envious...
Last edited by Awash on 17 Oct 2019, 14:50, edited 1 time in total.
-
- Senior Member+
- Posts: 33606
- Joined: 30 Jul 2010, 20:43
Re: Nothing irritates Ugum shabo more than Rwanda aka Singapore of Africa
OBAMAS WORLD I A SPECIAL REPORT
Rwanda: The Darling Tyrant
By ANJAN SUNDARAM
https://www.politico.com/magazine/story ... ant-103963
March/April 2014
Anjan Sundaram has reported from Congo and Rwanda and is author of Stringer: A Reporter’s Journey in the Congo.
The thing to know about Rwandan President Paul Kagame is not just that he is a dictator responsible for human rights abuses but that, despite this, he has a great many friends.
Kagame, credited with commanding the rebel force that put an end to Rwanda’s genocide 20 years ago, has made himself a global celebrity. Bill Clinton hails http://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/views/ar ... icon=Print him as among
Tony Blair calls http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world ... 37914.html him a “visionary.” Bill Gates works closely with him. Kagame has spokenthe greatest leaders of our time.
at Harvard and received honorary doctorates from a number of universities in the United States and Europe. U.N. Secretary General Ban Ki-moon is also a fan, telling Kagame http://www.presidency.gov.rw/home/1-lat ... m-yong-kim in May,
The praise inside Rwanda, in the press and public forums, is even more effusive. When I ask Rwandan citizens why there is no criticism of their president, I am told there is nothing to criticize. The political “opposition” consists of parties that refuse to speak out against Kagame even during elections, and there is talk of soon scrapping the constitution’s two-term limit for presidents so he can run in 2017 for a third time.I hope many African nations will emulate what Rwanda is doing. I highly commend you.
After all, for Rwandans, it can be lethal to be Kagame’s enemy. When Patrick Karegeya—Kagame’s former spy chief and friend who became one of his fiercest critics—was found dead in a South African hotel room in January, the Rwandan foreign minister, asked for the government’s response, tweeted,
The Rwandan defense minister added, http://www.newsofrwanda.com/featured1/2 ... -like-dog/This man was a self-declared enemy of my Gov & my country, U expect pity?
And Kagame himself remarked http://www.paulkagame.com/2010/index.ph ... 56&lang=en in a speech,When you choose to live like a dog, you die like a dog.
Not only was the president justifying a murder—he was warning his critics that betraying Rwanda brings consequences. In fact, in Kagame’s 20 years as the de facto leader of the country, more than a dozen prominent dissidents have been assassinated, imprisoned, exiled and tortured. https://www.amnesty.org/en/news/rwanda- ... 2012-10-05 According to Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International, in recent years perhaps half a dozen well known investigators, journalists and opposition politicians have also been found http://www.hrw.org/news/2014/01/28/rwan ... ss-borders dead in mysterious circumstances, including, six months ago, a Rwandan Transparency International worker who had been investigating police corruption.Shouldn’t we have done it?
Foreign governments, notably the United States, Britain, Germany and the Netherlands, are nonetheless lining up at Kagame’s door with praise, and money, desperate for a foreign aid success story after 50 barren years in Africa. Total publicly reported foreign aid to Kagame’s government stands at some $1 billion annually, of which the U.S. government provides about a fifth. http://www.theguardian.com/global-devel ... e-minister It’s not surprising that these Western countries, as well as international institutions like the World Bank, believe Rwanda is one of their best hopes in the region: Kagame’s government says it lifted 1 million http://www.gov.rw/Rwanda-launches-secon ... ome-status people out of poverty between 2008 and 2012, and that the country’s economy grew at a remarkable 8 percent clip during the global economic crisis—successes that seem even more remarkable in a country still recovering from the 1994 genocide, which killed nearly a million people and brought the economy to a standstill.
The catch: Kagame administers the Rwandan government’s foreign-funded aid programs with a strict autocratic hand. Political critics have been imprisoned for speaking out when government programs cause harm. In 2011, for instance, a pastor criticized a nationwide housing project to eliminate thatched roofs because it left thousands of people homeless, and in return he was sentenced to 18 months in prison. Foreign-funded media and human rights programs that once reported on Kagame’s excesses, repression or policy failings—including programs run by Transparency International, Lawyers without Borders and the Rwandan League for the Promotion and Defense of Human Rights —have shut down or become toothless http://www.hrw.org/news/2013/08/14/rwan ... ghts-group under government pressure. The Rwandan people know that to survive in such an environment, and to benefit from any government- or foreign-funded aid, they must be loyal to their president. Few other countries can mimic the results—95 percent participation rates in everything from elections to government health programs. Foreign donors echo the faux optimism, celebrating these programs’ efficiency and praising http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp/r ... wtjls6dHMw Kagame as a progressive leader; he is acclaimed, for instance, for promoting gender equality in the Rwandan parliament, where women outnumber men—even though the legislature has little power. http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfre ... nda-gender
The United States, without doubt, is Kagame’s staunchest ally and oldest supporter, eager to maintain Rwanda as a strategic partner with a powerful army in mineral-rich eastern Africa. In the 1990s, Kagame studied at the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College in Fort Leavenworth, Kans., before he returned to Rwanda and seized power in 1994. (More recently, his son Ivan trained at West Point.) Although the United States typically provides only about half a million dollars in bilateral military aid to Rwanda, high-ranking current and former U.S. officials—including not only Bill Clinton but also national security adviser Susan Rice and Jendayi Frazer, a former top Africa diplomat—have a history of backing Kagame, despite evidence of abuses by his forces.
U.N. documentation http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countrie ... NAL_EN.pdf implicates http://www.ohchr.org/en/Countries/Afric ... pping.aspx senior Rwandan military staff who report directly to Kagame in the large-scale massacre of perhaps tens of thousands of civilians, including unarmed women and children, in 1996 and 1998—acts that the United Nations has said are war crimes and possibly acts of genocide. (Kagame has said http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldne ... tator.html in response that his troops were difficult to control just after the genocide.) At the time of the massacres, Rice, then the assistant secretary of state for African affairs, reportedly said http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archive ... tion=false in a private conversation,
Later, as U.S. ambassador to the United Nations, she reportedly tried to block http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2 ... dan_ghosts the publication of a 2010 U.N. report about the killings. (Rice denies http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/10/opini ... .html?_r=0 that the United StatesThe only thing we [the United States] have to do is look the other way.
Rwanda’s invasion of Congo, during which the massacres occurred.) Washington has also shielded Kagame from the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), set up to prosecute killings during the genocide: In 2003, the United States pushed http://www.nytimes.com/2003/08/08/opini ... _ed3_.html to remove Carla del Ponte, an ICTR prosecutor, after she began to investigate crimes linked to Kagame, which the United States feared would destabilize his government.supported, encouraged or condoned http://www.theatlantic.com/internationa ... ce/265752/
U.N. evidence http://uk.reuters.com/article/2013/12/1 ... GQ20131217 also shows that Rwanda long supported rebel groups in the Democratic Republic of the Congo that are accused of crimes against humanity and mass rape, though Kagame officially denies his military’s involvement. A portion of Rwanda’s support stopped last year after warnings from the United States, which suspended http://www.theguardian.com/global-devel ... d-soldiers some military aid last year, though Washington is now considering http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/11/ ... 2I20131106 reinstating the funds. The mostly symbolic U.S. aid cut, after months of foot-dragging, helped to restore peace in Congo at least temporarily. But millions of dollars in foreign aid continue to flow to the Rwandan government, and Kagame’s supporters seem reluctant to diminish their praise. Bill Clinton, asked last year about Kagame’s tight grip on the press and political opponents, insisted he did not support it but admitted, http://www.newsofrwanda.com/featured1/2 ... nt-kagame/
Or, as Sen. James Inhofe (R-Okla.), visiting Rwanda in January, put it, http://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/index.ph ... 14&a=14444I suppose I do make more allowances for a government that produces as much progress as this one.
I speak on behalf of many fellow senators back home, and I assure you that [the United States] doesn’t have a better friend than Kagame.
-
- Senior Member+
- Posts: 30273
- Joined: 07 Aug 2010, 00:35
Re: Nothing irritates Ugum shabo more than Rwanda aka Singapore of Africa
Something about Rwanda drives the shabo deqi40 crazy.
Ugum shabo, don't worry. Kagame is just a much more sophisticated tyrant than your Agame. Just read the articles; maybe ( a big maybe) you could learn something from an African success and get it through your thick skull.
Ugum shabo, don't worry. Kagame is just a much more sophisticated tyrant than your Agame. Just read the articles; maybe ( a big maybe) you could learn something from an African success and get it through your thick skull.
https://allafrica.com/stories/201910160527.htmlRwanda: Has Paul Kagame Flown Too High?
11 OCTOBER 2019 Institute for Security Studies (Tshwane/Pretoria)
ANALYSIS By Peter Fabricius
Rwanda's President Paul Kagame has been flying high for a while. His reputation - mainly international though he wields some continental clout - has been growing. Through skilful diplomacy, he has established himself in the eyes of the wider world at least, as an African leader to be reckoned with.
He gets invited to prestigious international gatherings like Davos. Last year he buried the hatchet with France about its support for Rwanda's genocidal Hutu government in 1994. And next year Kagame will consolidate his already good standing with the Anglo world by hosting the Commonwealth heads of state summit.
In Africa his reputation has been a lot more mixed. Kagame has aspired to continental leadership and has achieved some, taking charge of the successful drive to get the African Continental Free Trade Agreement signed in record time. But it is mainly his achievements on the wider stage that have left other African governments perplexed, annoyed and often rather envious...
-
- Senior Member+
- Posts: 33606
- Joined: 30 Jul 2010, 20:43
Re: Nothing irritates Ugum shabo more than Rwanda aka Singapore of Africa
I don't wholly agree with this analysis, but It's a good attempt.
Princes’ Progress: Reconstruction and authority in Eritrea and Rwanda
28 Mar 2011
https://www.africaresearchinstitute.org ... nd-rwanda/
Eritrea and Rwanda are among Africa’s smallest and poorest states. Substantial military resources, and expertise, have enabled both countries to exert disproportionate influence over regional security. Aggression and authoritarianism have not prompted matching responses from donor nations. While President Paul Kagame’s leadership of Rwanda has been championed as “visionary”, President Isaias Afwerki is accused of transforming Eritrea into a rogue, pariah state. These notes argue that popular perceptions of these comparable, though seldom compared, countries have been simplistic – and polarised.
KEY POINTS
• Acute legacies – Eritrea’s liberation war, Rwanda’s genocide
• “Models for Africa” in mid-1990s, leaders praised
Eritrea’s proxy war with Ethiopia vilified, counters US strategy in Somalia
• Rwandan incursions in Congo tolerated, no diminution in aid
• Dissent and divisionism disallowed, repression decried
• Economic “miracle” in Rwanda, Eritrea world’s fastest-growing economy in 2011
Nascent states
In the mid-1990s, the survival of Eritrea and Rwanda as viable states was in doubt. At independence in 1993, Eritrea’s infrastructure and economy lay in ruins after thirty years of armed struggle with Ethiopia. In 1994, the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) took control of a country in which 800,000 people had been murdered in three months. Eritrean president Isaias Afwerki and RPF military commander Paul Kagame were touted as exemplars of a new generation of African leaders – disciplined, capable and incorruptible “soldier princes”.
With the demise of Mengistu Haile Mariam’s Derg regime in Ethiopia, Eritrea’s prospects were buoyed by the likelihood of an enduring peace with its neighbour. Visitors to Asmara admired the prevailing sense of purpose and resourcefulness, the absence of corruption or crime, and the orderly demobilisation of tens of thousands of Eritrean People’s Liberation Front (EPLF) fighters as much as the beauty of Eritrea’s capital city. Africa’s newest nation attracted commitments of more than US$1 billion of development and humanitarian assistance in the 1990s (1). The Eritrean economy grew rapidly, if unevenly. A new constitution, the prominence of women in politics and civil society, and the promise of democratic elections boded well for a country dubbed
(2).the hope of Africa
Rwanda’s recovery was more problematic, and precarious. Genocide was succeeded by a civil war mostly prosecuted on foreign soil. Rwandan forces invaded the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) – then called Zaire – in 1996, to counter the threat posed by exiled genocidaires. As Eritrean troops were sent to assist the new regime in Rwanda, political commentators referred to an emerging
(3) of power.Asmara-to-Kigali axis
The invasion culminated in the overthrow of Zaire’s pro-Hutu President Mobutu and installation of Laurent-Désiré Kabila in his stead.
In 1998, seven years of peace between the post-Derg governments in Eritrea and Ethiopia ended abruptly. Simmering tensions between the former allies were unmasked by a series of minor border incidents, and Eritrea’s decision to replace the Ethiopian birr with its own currency, the nakfa. As if emboldened by Rwanda’s seemingly successful tilt at becoming the leading playmaker in Central Africa, President Isaias rejected attempts at mediation by RPF leader Paul Kagame and the United States (not true). Three phases of vicious fighting cost the lives of more than 70,000 Ethiopian and Eritrean combatants – and more than a billion dollars – before an uneasy peace was restored in 2000.
As Eritrea and Ethiopia went to war in 1998, Rwanda troops re-invaded DRC – and remained there until 2002. Despite widespread criticism of the conduct and intentions of Rwandan troops in DRC, Kigali began to attract the plaudits once bestowed on Asmara. After becoming president in 2000, Kagame earned increasingly voluble praise for maintaining stability in Rwanda, overseeing economic recovery, and implementing a truth and reconciliation process through traditional Gacaca courts. In 2009, Rwanda was welcomed into the Commonwealth as its 54th member state.
President Paul Kagame (4)Building a nation from nothing? A nation that has just experienced a genocide? There is no strategy manual for this.
States of emergency
The Eritrean and Rwandan presidents have countered adversaries, internal and external, with conspicuous aggression. The imposing statue of a huge pair of shida– the distinctive sandals worn by EPLF fighters – in Asmara, and the Genocide Memorial Centre in Kigali, enshrine the legacies that define the two nations. President Isaias has been no more combative than his Rwandan counterpart. But he has proved less diplomatically adroit at containing international objections to his conduct.
Eritrea has spent a decade fully mobilised. The perceived threat of Ethiopian expansionism, spearheaded by late Prime Minister Meles Zenawi, has dominated President Isaias’s foreign and domestic policy. Ethiopia’s refusal to allow physical demarcation of the border with Eritrea, in keeping with agreed peace terms, exacerbated Eritrean concerns about their neighbour’s intentions. Once a committed ally of the US, and member of President George W Bush’s coalition of the willing, Eritrea has since been portrayed as a malevolent regional spoiler. For his part, President Isaias has been cast by his fiercest critics as delusional and megalomaniacal.
Eritrea’s objection to Ethiopia’s non-compliance with agreed peace terms is legitimate. But its diplomatic efforts to secure compliance were heavy-handed, and short-lived. In Eritrea, the border impasse evokes bitter memories of the UN’s decision to promote the federation of Eritrea to Ethiopia in 1952, and international indifference when Ethiopia forcibly annexed the former Italian colony a decade later. In the absence of an enforced insistence by the UN or US that Ethiopia must allow physical demarcation of the border, President Isaias contends that continued opposition to Ethiopia by any means is justified – and a matter of national survival.
President Kagame evinces equal scorn for the UN, citing its failure to intervene resolutely during the genocide. The inertia displayed by the international community is further blamed for allowing UN refugee camps in eastern DRC to be taken over by exiled soldiers and Hutu militias who had carried out the genocide. Rwanda’s armed forces have made at least four major incursions into eastern DRC since 1998, and have supported pro-Tutsi rebel groups. For Kagame, the perpetrators of genocide still imperil Rwanda’s stability, and future. Their crime, he argues, has merited exceptional responses.
UN allegations that Rwandan commanders and troops may themselves be guilty of genocidal crimes in DRC are rejected outright by President Kagame. Accusations that Rwanda’s incursions were accompanied by the systematic looting of Congolese natural resources have also been parried with disdain. Despite some criticism from foreign governments, including those of the US and Britain, Kagame has enjoyed the support of successive US presidents and other world leaders. Astute diplomacy – backed by frequent reminders of the genocide – has secured international forbearance, though not approval, for Rwanda’s pugnacity.
My way
From the outset, the presidents of Eritrea and Rwanda have emphasised their zero tolerance for corruption, and commitment to gender equality, education and good government. Vigorous development programmes in both countries have been driven by authoritarianism. Dissent and ethnic or religious divisionism are not tolerated in either country. Power is concentrated in the hands of the president and a small circle of senior advisers and military commanders. Arbitrary arrests, disappearances, and politically-motivated prosecutions are commonplace. Political competition and critical reporting have been smothered. Human rights groups have criticised Rwanda and Eritrea in equal measure.
In Eritrea, the principle of political pluralism is enshrined in the constitution. But since the protest by the so-called “Group of 15” senior ministers in 2001, opposition to the president has been divided, ineffectual, and mostly directed from abroad. President Isaias cites
(5)participation in the life of the country
as the measure of Eritrean democracy.
There are, he asserts, numerous fora through which Eritreans are publicly consulted and can air grievances. But the tens of thousands of refugees who have fled Eritrea since 2000 have, paradoxically, been cited as evidence that the country is a prison state. The US State Department ranks Eritrea as the country with the worst human rights record in the world.
The Eritrean government’s commitment to development is longstanding, and genuine. Donor assistance has mostly been withdrawn, or rejected for being profligate and of no use. In 2005, amid worsening relations between their two countries, Eritrea asked the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) to cease operations in the country. But Eritrea has been praised by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) for
(6).commendable progress … in primary education and health, as well as in infrastructure development
The country is one of only four in Africa likely to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) for maternal health, and one of a handful which met the “roll back malaria” targets set by the 2000 Abuja Declaration.
President Isaias Afwerki (7)You go and ask the Chinese [about] their democracy.
President Kagame has been as proficient as President Isaias in silencing domestic critics and opponents. International calls for greater political pluralism are dismissed as an example of western double standards. Kagame maintains that the political process in Rwanda is fully inclusive. An annual assembly known as the National Dialogue is described by the Rwandan press as
(7)the epitome of citizen participation
in government.
Turn-out in elections is always high. RPF loyalists affirm the existence of a national consensus on the undesirability of multi-party elections. The suppression, as opposed to accommodation, of ethnic identities is understandable – but fraught with hazard. Hutus comprise 85% of the population, yet the Tutsi-dominated RPF secured four-fifths of the elected seats in parliament in 2008.
Rwanda has usurped, and exceeded, Eritrea’s popularity with international donors in the 1990s. The country is routinely upheld as a model for post-conflict reconstruction, and was selected by international donors as a test case for general budget support. In 2005-09, Rwanda received almost US$2 billion of overseas development assistance – five times the amount granted to Eritrea (9). Rwanda, like Eritrea, is on track to achieve six of the eight MDGs by 2015. President Kagame’s distaste for aid, insistence on self-reliance, and forthright handling of donors have matched those of President Isaias. But Rwanda will remain heavily dependent on donors for the achievement of its Vision 2020 national development plan.
Command economies
Subsistence agriculture is the predominant livelihood in Eritrea and Rwanda. In both countries, economic management is highly centralised and members of the ruling party dominate the private sector. But economic performance has followed different trajectories. In 2004-08, Rwanda recorded 8.6% average annual GDP growth while Eritrea’s per capita GDP contracted by an average of 5.2% annually (10). Rwanda has been referred to as the future Singapore of Africa. The Eritrean government’s economic strategy has been likened to that of North Korea.
The 1998-2000 war with Ethiopia, and continuing mass mobilisation, have had severe consequences for the Eritrean economy. Before the conflict, Ethiopia was the market – now closed – for two-thirds of Eritrea’s exports. A decline in international development assistance, and negligible foreign investment, have further handicapped economic progress. Attempts to promote growth in agriculture, tourism, construction, fisheries and ports have met with limited success. Remittances from the Eritrean diaspora, voluntary and government-enforced, are equivalent to about one third of national GDP.
Natural resources have provided President Isaias with an economic lifeline. A gold, zinc and copper mine valued at US$1.5 billion – a sum greater than Eritrea’s annual GDP – commenced commercial production in January 2011. The Eritrean government holds a 40% stake. Progress by international mining companies towards extraction of many other mineral assets, including potash deposits acknowledged as world class, is well advanced. Eritrea’s coastal waters are being surveyed for oil and natural gas. Forecast GDP growth of 17% in 2011 will make Eritrea the world’s fastest growing economy (11). After a decade of economic marginalisation, President Isaias has declared his intention to
(12).strengthen diplomatic activities focusing on trade and investment opportunities
Rwanda’s recent economic performance has been praiseworthy, and encouraging. By 2017, when his current term expires, President Kagame intends to transform Rwanda into a middle-income “knowledge-based economy” by exploiting competitive advantages in information and communications technology (ICT), horticulture, tourism, tea and coffee. A marked improvement in agricultural production ensured that the country grew as much food as it consumed in 2009, for the first time since the genocide. Future growth requires diversification, and new sources of employment. Rwanda is Africa’s most densely-populated nation. At the current rate of expansion, the population will have doubled in 2006-16 – and will double again by 2035.
The achievement of President Kagame’s economic ambitions requires very high levels of foreign investment. Major infrastructure projects have attracted funding, including a modern rail link with Burundi and Tanzania, and a new international airport at Bugesera. Much more is planned – Rwanda needs US$4 billion to extend access to power to 50% of the population by 2017. Investment flows will be more acutely sensitive to confidence in Rwanda’s stability, and its president, than international development assistance.
The tortoise and the hare
Eritrea and Rwanda exert considerable influence in regions often described as troubled – the Horn of Africa and Great Lakes. As former soldiers, President Isaias and President Kagame seem more at ease amid continuing states of emergency – real or prospective – than with peacetime government. But common stereotypes of the two leaders are injudicious, and coloured by convenience.
President Isaias’s fall from international favour has been rapid. In 2003, Eritrea was regarded as a key frontline state in the US-led “war on terror”. Subsequent isolation was both self-imposed – motivated by anger at international inaction and perceived injustice – and externally inflicted. Attempts to counter Ethiopian hegemony severely damaged Eritrea’s international relations. But the first signs of détente are discernible.
In 2010, President Isaias strengthened Eritrea’s ties with Qatar, China, Egypt, Oman and Iran. Natural resources have endowed the president with a gilt-edged, arguably face-saving, calling card. Significantly, Eritrea resumed links with the AU in Addis Ababa. Relations with neighbours Sudan and Yemen – base of Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP), labelled
(13)the greatest single terrorist threat to the security of the US
– are good.
A resumption of constructive dialogue with the US may not be imminent. Eritrea’s national motto is akay’da gobi’ye, “at a tortoise’s pace”. But a thaw in US-Eritrea relations would considerably enhance regional stability.
Moral outrage at Rwanda’s genocide, and guilt at the failure of the international community to stop it, have underwritten the high level of support for Rwanda – and President Kagame. In marked contrast to President Isaias, Kagame has successfully mobilised a host of former premiers, globally-influential businessmen and celebrities on Rwanda’s behalf. Prominent journalists and academics have lauded Kagame in the 2000s as they did Isaias in the 1990s.
President Kagame’s domestic popularity should not be under-estimated. But external criticism of the Rwandan leader intensified during 2010. Publication of the UN Mapping Report on possible infringements of humanitarian law by Rwandan troops in DRC since 1993 exacerbated growing unease. International reactions to the degree of autocracy on show in the run-up to the presidential elections were measured. Rwanda remains a more fragile state than Eritrea. Threats to stability, both internal and external, loom larger than any confronting Eritrea – and are potentially far graver.
The presidents of Eritrea and Rwanda have much in common. Neither has sought personal gain from office. Both are quick to castigate outside interference. Violence is readily deployed to defend national interests and independence. Marked authoritarianism accompanies constructive development. Donor nations and organisations have by turns been ridiculed, lambasted and embraced by both presidents. Traits displayed in the 1990s, when both presidents were lauded, remain to the fore. More considered, evolving renderings of the two leaders are to be welcomed.
SOURCES
1. Country Assistance Evaluation – Eritrea, World Bank 2004/ OECD statistics
2. Toronto Sun, December 28th 1998
3. Alex De Waal (ed.) “Islamism and its Enemies in the Horn of Africa” 2004
4. Daily Telegraph, July 22nd 2010
5. Interview with The Financial Times, September 18th 2009
6. IMF Public Information Notice, December 2009 consultation
7. Interview with The Financial Times, September 18th 2009
8. The New Times, December 21st 2010
9. OECD/DAC statistics
10. IMF Sub-Saharan Africa Regional Economic Outlook 2010
11. Economist Intelligence Unit, 2011 country report
12. www.shabait.com, October 4th 2010
13. The Financial Times, October 31st 2010
-
- Member+
- Posts: 7274
- Joined: 07 Jun 2012, 05:03
Re: Nothing irritates Ugum shabo more than Rwanda aka Singapore of Africa
Agame brother Adwusha,Awash wrote: ↑17 Oct 2019, 13:48Ugum shabo, don't worry. Kagame is just much more sophisticated tyrant than your Agame.https://allafrica.com/stories/201910160527.htmlRwanda: Has Paul Kagame Flown Too High?
11 OCTOBER 2019 Institute for Security Studies (Tshwane/Pretoria)
ANALYSIS By Peter Fabricius
Rwanda's President Paul Kagame has been flying high for a while. His reputation - mainly international though he wields some continental clout - has been growing. Through skilful diplomacy, he has established himself in the eyes of the wider world at least, as an African leader to be reckoned with.
He gets invited to prestigious international gatherings like Davos. Last year he buried the hatchet with France about its support for Rwanda's genocidal Hutu government in 1994. And next year Kagame will consolidate his already good standing with the Anglo world by hosting the Commonwealth heads of state summit.
In Africa his reputation has been a lot more mixed. Kagame has aspired to continental leadership and has achieved some, taking charge of the successful drive to get the African Continental Free Trade Agreement signed in record time. But it is mainly his achievements on the wider stage that have left other African governments perplexed, annoyed and often rather envious...
Nah...Eritrea and Master Shabo have no problem with any African country including Rwanda..... Why would we, anyway ???? The only killil that might try so hart to irritate Master Shabo led Eritrean people is your homeland Tigray. It is the least important killil in Ethiopia, anyway....
In fact, it was your darling Susan Mice at that time under secretary of State who hid the Genocide in Rwanda to make sure Bill Clinton wins his second term... The Genocide happened under Susan Mice watch...
By the way, I think it is good choice that you abandoned your Tigray and adapted a new Rwandan citizenship.. I just hope that Rwanda Adopts you, though ...
Dedebit is always dedeb
R.I.P Abay Tigray and TPLF
-
- Senior Member+
- Posts: 30273
- Joined: 07 Aug 2010, 00:35
Re: Nothing irritates Ugum shabo more than Rwanda aka Singapore of Africa
Zombie aka wedi40,
How desperate can you get.
All you need to do is listen to your own ugum shabo stooge economist.
How desperate can you get.
All you need to do is listen to your own ugum shabo stooge economist.
Zmeselo wrote: ↑17 Oct 2019, 16:11I don't wholly agree with this analysis, but It's a good attempt.
Princes’ Progress: Reconstruction and authority in Eritrea and Rwanda
28 Mar 2011
https://www.africaresearchinstitute.org ... nd-rwanda/
-
- Senior Member+
- Posts: 33606
- Joined: 30 Jul 2010, 20:43
Re: Nothing irritates Ugum shabo more than Rwanda aka Singapore of Africa
You're projecting!
Continuously posting the same video & changing the subject is a sign of desperation, ንፋጥ.
አብ ገጸይዶ: ወዲ 40 ከይትብሊ? አብ 40 ክትምተሪ!!!
Continuously posting the same video & changing the subject is a sign of desperation, ንፋጥ.
አብ ገጸይዶ: ወዲ 40 ከይትብሊ? አብ 40 ክትምተሪ!!!
Awash wrote: ↑17 Oct 2019, 18:22Zombie aka wedi40,
How desperate can you get.
All you need to do is listen to your own ugum shabo stooge economist.
Zmeselo wrote: ↑17 Oct 2019, 16:11I don't wholly agree with this analysis, but It's a good attempt.
Princes’ Progress: Reconstruction and authority in Eritrea and Rwanda
28 Mar 2011
https://www.africaresearchinstitute.org ... nd-rwanda/
-
- Senior Member+
- Posts: 30273
- Joined: 07 Aug 2010, 00:35
Re: Nothing irritates Ugum shabo more than Rwanda aka Singapore of Africa
The same video so you and your fellow Agame deqi komarit get it thru your thick skull. Fessfass kurkur wedi medhin.
Zmeselo wrote: ↑17 Oct 2019, 18:36You're projecting!
Continuously posting the same video & changing the subject is a sign of desperation, ንፋጥ.
አብ ገጸይዶ: ወዲ 40 ከይትብሊ? አብ 40 ክትምተሪ!!!
Awash wrote: ↑17 Oct 2019, 18:22Zombie aka wedi40,
How desperate can you get.
All you need to do is listen to your own ugum shabo stooge economist.
Zmeselo wrote: ↑17 Oct 2019, 16:11I don't wholly agree with this analysis, but It's a good attempt.
Princes’ Progress: Reconstruction and authority in Eritrea and Rwanda
28 Mar 2011
https://www.africaresearchinstitute.org ... nd-rwanda/
-
- Senior Member+
- Posts: 33606
- Joined: 30 Jul 2010, 20:43
Re: Nothing irritates Ugum shabo more than Rwanda aka Singapore of Africa
I heard him, ሓርኢ. Not impressed, much.
Now what?
What the f@ck are you gonna do about it, except to post the same video allover again?
Let's say I agree with him 100% for discussion sake, and then what? Join you? Is that it?
I rather die a million times, than even have 1 beer with the likes of you; let alone join you in your crusade of hate for the Eritrean people. An honest man with nothing to lose, comes out in the open with name, picture, Facebook adress etc. Doesn't hide like you. There're plenty of Eritreans like that, who hate the govt & PIA out in the open. But, they're Eritreans. You're definitely, not it! You want the country to fail, even in football.
Now what?
What the f@ck are you gonna do about it, except to post the same video allover again?
Let's say I agree with him 100% for discussion sake, and then what? Join you? Is that it?
I rather die a million times, than even have 1 beer with the likes of you; let alone join you in your crusade of hate for the Eritrean people. An honest man with nothing to lose, comes out in the open with name, picture, Facebook adress etc. Doesn't hide like you. There're plenty of Eritreans like that, who hate the govt & PIA out in the open. But, they're Eritreans. You're definitely, not it! You want the country to fail, even in football.
Awash wrote: ↑17 Oct 2019, 20:47The same video so you and your fellow Agame deqi komarit get it thru your thick skull. Fessfass kurkur wedi medhin.Zmeselo wrote: ↑17 Oct 2019, 18:36You're projecting!
Continuously posting the same video & changing the subject is a sign of desperation, ንፋጥ.
አብ ገጸይዶ: ወዲ 40 ከይትብሊ? አብ 40 ክትምተሪ!!!
Awash wrote: ↑17 Oct 2019, 18:22Zombie aka wedi40,
How desperate can you get.
All you need to do is listen to your own ugum shabo stooge economist.
Zmeselo wrote: ↑17 Oct 2019, 16:11I don't wholly agree with this analysis, but It's a good attempt.
Princes’ Progress: Reconstruction and authority in Eritrea and Rwanda
28 Mar 2011
https://www.africaresearchinstitute.org ... nd-rwanda/
-
- Senior Member+
- Posts: 33606
- Joined: 30 Jul 2010, 20:43
Re: Nothing irritates Ugum shabo more than Rwanda aka Singapore of Africa
We know why, you love Ke-Agame so much:
-
- Senior Member+
- Posts: 30273
- Joined: 07 Aug 2010, 00:35
Re: Nothing irritates Ugum shabo more than Rwanda aka Singapore of Africa
Zombie aka wedi komarit,
What's with Kagame? He seems to prefer Ethiopia leaders than deqi komrit.
What's with Kagame? He seems to prefer Ethiopia leaders than deqi komrit.
-
- Member
- Posts: 2250
- Joined: 19 May 2019, 18:02
Re: Nothing irritates Ugum shabo more than Rwanda aka Singapore of Africa
Hmm you don't seem have a picture, your real name, facebook address, etc? Hypocrit Hgdf in Hiding! ... Practice what you preach clown!
Zmeselo wrote: ↑17 Oct 2019, 22:15I heard him, ሓርኢ. Not impressed, much.
Now what?
What the f@ck are you gonna do about it, except to post the same video allover again?
Let's say I agree with him 100% for discussion sake, and then what? Join you? Is that it?
I rather die a million times, than even have 1 beer with the likes of you; let alone join you in your crusade of hate for the Eritrean people. An honest man with nothing to lose, comes out in the open with name, picture, Facebook adress etc. Doesn't hide like you. There're plenty of Eritreans like that, who hate the govt & PIA out in the open. But, they're Eritreans. You're definitely, not it! You want the country to fail, even in football.
Awash wrote: ↑17 Oct 2019, 20:47The same video so you and your fellow Agame deqi komarit get it thru your thick skull. Fessfass kurkur wedi medhin.Zmeselo wrote: ↑17 Oct 2019, 18:36You're projecting!
Continuously posting the same video & changing the subject is a sign of desperation, ንፋጥ.
አብ ገጸይዶ: ወዲ 40 ከይትብሊ? አብ 40 ክትምተሪ!!!
Awash wrote: ↑17 Oct 2019, 18:22Zombie aka wedi40,
How desperate can you get.
All you need to do is listen to your own ugum shabo stooge economist.
Zmeselo wrote: ↑17 Oct 2019, 16:11I don't wholly agree with this analysis, but It's a good attempt.
Princes’ Progress: Reconstruction and authority in Eritrea and Rwanda
28 Mar 2011
https://www.africaresearchinstitute.org ... nd-rwanda/
-
- Senior Member+
- Posts: 30273
- Joined: 07 Aug 2010, 00:35
Re: Nothing irritates Ugum shabo more than Rwanda aka Singapore of Africa
I missed this blabber of yours. No, no, no,. I don't want your zombie asz to join me. I want you to get out of your zombified state and be free from slavery and worshipping a savage. It's for your own good to be de-programmed from cult worshipping. Otherwise, you will end up in the gutter once reality sets in, your god meets his maker and is sent to hell. What's gonna happen to you then? I feel sorry for you and your fellow stooges, worshipping a savage animal all the way to the grave.
Zmeselo wrote: ↑17 Oct 2019, 22:15I heard him, ሓርኢ. Not impressed, much.
Now what?
What the f@ck are you gonna do about it, except to post the same video allover again?
Let's say I agree with him 100% for discussion sake, and then what? Join you? Is that it?
I rather die a million times, than even have 1 beer with the likes of you; let alone join you in your crusade of hate for the Eritrean people. An honest man with nothing to lose, comes out in the open with name, picture, Facebook adress etc. Doesn't hide like you. There're plenty of Eritreans like that, who hate the govt & PIA out in the open. But, they're Eritreans. You're definitely, not it! You want the country to fail, even in football.
Awash wrote: ↑17 Oct 2019, 20:47The same video so you and your fellow Agame deqi komarit get it thru your thick skull. Fessfass kurkur wedi medhin.Zmeselo wrote: ↑17 Oct 2019, 18:36You're projecting!
Continuously posting the same video & changing the subject is a sign of desperation, ንፋጥ.
አብ ገጸይዶ: ወዲ 40 ከይትብሊ? አብ 40 ክትምተሪ!!!
Awash wrote: ↑17 Oct 2019, 18:22Zombie aka wedi40,
How desperate can you get.
All you need to do is listen to your own ugum shabo stooge economist.
Zmeselo wrote: ↑17 Oct 2019, 16:11I don't wholly agree with this analysis, but It's a good attempt.
Princes’ Progress: Reconstruction and authority in Eritrea and Rwanda
28 Mar 2011
https://www.africaresearchinstitute.org ... nd-rwanda/
-
- Senior Member+
- Posts: 33606
- Joined: 30 Jul 2010, 20:43
Re: Nothing irritates Ugum shabo more than Rwanda aka Singapore of Africa
Am I dealing with 3 year olds here?
I'm not the 1 calling for regime change. I'm satisfied, like the other 95% of Eritreans.
Jeeez, what a brunch of......
[=pastlast post_id=969401 time=1571378207 user_id=51009]
Hmm you don't seem have a picture, your real name, facebook address, etc? Hypocrit Hgdf in Hiding! ... Practice what you preach clown!
I'm not the 1 calling for regime change. I'm satisfied, like the other 95% of Eritreans.
Jeeez, what a brunch of......
[=pastlast post_id=969401 time=1571378207 user_id=51009]
Hmm you don't seem have a picture, your real name, facebook address, etc? Hypocrit Hgdf in Hiding! ... Practice what you preach clown!
Zmeselo wrote: ↑17 Oct 2019, 22:15I heard him, ሓርኢ. Not impressed, much.
Now what?
What the f@ck are you gonna do about it, except to post the same video allover again?
Let's say I agree with him 100% for discussion sake, and then what? Join you? Is that it?
I rather die a million times, than even have 1 beer with the likes of you; let alone join you in your crusade of hate for the Eritrean people. An honest man with nothing to lose, comes out in the open with name, picture, Facebook adress etc. Doesn't hide like you. There're plenty of Eritreans like that, who hate the govt & PIA out in the open. But, they're Eritreans. You're definitely, not it! You want the country to fail, even in football.
Awash wrote: ↑17 Oct 2019, 20:47The same video so you and your fellow Agame deqi komarit get it thru your thick skull. Fessfass kurkur wedi medhin.
-
- Senior Member+
- Posts: 33606
- Joined: 30 Jul 2010, 20:43
Re: Nothing irritates Ugum shabo more than Rwanda aka Singapore of Africa
I happily end up in the gutter, like the 99% of my people who love their president.
Now what?
My brothers & sisters have even ended up in the grave, thanx to you weyanes.
What's- the gutter- in comparison?
But we'll see, who'll end up there in reality.
Now what?
My brothers & sisters have even ended up in the grave, thanx to you weyanes.
What's- the gutter- in comparison?
But we'll see, who'll end up there in reality.
Awash wrote: ↑18 Oct 2019, 06:38I missed this blabber of yours. No, no, no,. I don't want your zombie asz to join me. I want you to get out of your zombified state and be free from slavery and worshipping a savage. It's for your own good to be de-programmed from cult worshipping. Otherwise, you will end up in the gutter once reality sets in, your god meets his maker and is sent to hell. What's gonna happen to you then? I feel sorry for you and your fellow stooges, worshipping a savage animal all the way to the grave.
Zmeselo wrote: ↑17 Oct 2019, 22:15I heard him, ሓርኢ. Not impressed, much.
Now what?
What the f@ck are you gonna do about it, except to post the same video allover again?
Let's say I agree with him 100% for discussion sake, and then what? Join you? Is that it?
I rather die a million times, than even have 1 beer with the likes of you; let alone join you in your crusade of hate for the Eritrean people. An honest man with nothing to lose, comes out in the open with name, picture, Facebook adress etc. Doesn't hide like you. There're plenty of Eritreans like that, who hate the govt & PIA out in the open. But, they're Eritreans. You're definitely, not it! You want the country to fail, even in football.
Awash wrote: ↑17 Oct 2019, 20:47The same video so you and your fellow Agame deqi komarit get it thru your thick skull. Fessfass kurkur wedi medhin.
-
- Senior Member+
- Posts: 33606
- Joined: 30 Jul 2010, 20:43
Re: Nothing irritates Ugum shabo more than Rwanda aka Singapore of Africa
Meles was not the leader of Ethiopia-, you idiot.
He was the leader of 'nshtoy tgray'
As for ke-Agame, tell him we haven't forgotten the US- Rwanda, "peace plan" he devised with Susan the witch.
He was the leader of 'nshtoy tgray'
As for ke-Agame, tell him we haven't forgotten the US- Rwanda, "peace plan" he devised with Susan the witch.
-
- Senior Member+
- Posts: 20630
- Joined: 15 Apr 2009, 10:50
Re: Nothing irritates Ugum shabo more than Rwanda aka Singapore of Africa
Finally idiot parrot Asswash agameW found An [deleted] to wash. This time he abandoned the “qen jboch “ joining some bantu. You can get lower than that. The cup of rock bottom of moral decay measurement of none other than agameWoch in general Asswash the “qilu mamo “ loser agame in particular.
Look what we did this wicked idiot,, we slowly degraded his well-being, peaceful mind, turned him bitter, unhappy and pushing him to his grave. Don’t mess with shabbos
Meanwhile brother Zemeselo in action when Asswash the idiot parrot open his mini brain to argument like....
https://media1.giphy.com/media/uOUZJg8ycPxvi/giphy.gif
Painful to see lol
Look what we did this wicked idiot,, we slowly degraded his well-being, peaceful mind, turned him bitter, unhappy and pushing him to his grave. Don’t mess with shabbos
Meanwhile brother Zemeselo in action when Asswash the idiot parrot open his mini brain to argument like....
https://media1.giphy.com/media/uOUZJg8ycPxvi/giphy.gif
Painful to see lol
-
- Member
- Posts: 1487
- Joined: 12 Jun 2007, 20:55
Re: Nothing irritates Ugum shabo more than Rwanda aka Singapore of Africa
Fed_Up wrote: ↑18 Oct 2019, 10:02Finally idiot parrot Asswash agameW found An [deleted] to wash. This time he abandoned the “qen jboch “ joining some bantu. You can get lower than that. The cup of rock bottom of moral decay measurement of none other than agameWoch in general Asswash the “qilu mamo “ loser agame in particular.
Look what we did this wicked idiot,, we slowly degraded his well-being, peaceful mind, turned him bitter, unhappy and pushing him to his grave. Don’t mess with shabbos
Meanwhile brother Zemeselo in action when Asswash the idiot parrot open his mini brain to argument like....
https://media1.giphy.com/media/uOUZJg8ycPxvi/giphy.gif
Painful to see lol
Your picture says it all about Awash(a'sswash) and even woyanu in general...on their own & no foreigners propping them up, # for # they are like han'kes'sat/cripples trying to take on eri lions/nebris
(I am just waiting for him to leave his 2 recent posts...but he is scared & keeps going back to hide in them )
Anyways we are happy for any fellow Africans, as long as they aren't hasadat backstabbers (like woyanu tigray)